- •1. The axiom about the potential dangers of man-made factors
- •2. Classification of hazardous substances.
- •3. Maximum permissible concentrations, emissions, exposure levels
- •4. Physical hazards and their characteristics
- •5. The permissible levels of harmful substances
- •6. Environmental Passport of an industrial enterprise.
- •7. Environmental Assessment. Basic principles of the environmental impact assessment.
- •8. The Law of the rk "On Ecological Assessment". Two types of environmental impact assessment
- •10. Lesions. Classification based on the degree of human exposure to hts.
- •11. Effect of contaminants on human health (acute and chronic intoxication). Prevention of occupational poisoning.
- •12. Characteristics of hazardous substances used in production (ammonia, chlorine etc.). Actions in case of accidents.
- •13. The concept of bacteriological (biological) weapons (bw).
- •14. Types and basic properties of bw (bacteria, viruses, rickets, fungi).
- •15. Diseases caused by biological agents and toxins (anthrax, meliodiosis, glanders, botulism).
- •16. Preventive measures at the sign of use of bacteriological agents.
- •17. Rules of conduct and actions of people at the foci of bacteriological destruction
- •18. The measures of prevention: Quarantine and observation. Disinfection and disinsection
- •19. Methods and means of application of bacterial agents.
- •20. Bw facilities developed on the territory of the Kazakhstan for the open-air testing and production of bw agents.
- •21. The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (10 April 1972).
- •22. Protocol Obligations:The Geneva Protocol prohibits the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous, or other gases, and of bacteriological methods of warfare. (17 June 1925 France)
- •23. General characteristics of nuclear and radiological weapons
- •24. Main factors of nuclear explosion. Characteristics, effects, and impact on human health.
- •25. Medico-tactical characteristics of foci of nuclear damage
- •26. Acute radiation sickness. Radiation sickness of 1-4 degrees. Chronic radiation sickness.
- •27. Radioactive contamination
- •28. Kazakstan’s nuclear background
- •29. Kazakhstan’s International legislation on Nuclear Weapons.
- •30. The Law of the rk “On National Security”.
- •31. The principles of national security. The national interests of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
- •32. The goals and objectives of national security. Threats to Kazakhstan’s national security.
- •33. The concept of national security of Kazakhstan.
- •34. Non military tools of national security.
- •35. The challenges and threats posed by globalization. Globalization in the economic, political, social, cultural spheres.
- •36. Global Problems of Mankind. The problem of technological security.
- •37. The ways out of the global crisis - the transition to sustainable development.
- •38. Problems of post-industrial society. Technological problems.
- •39. Globalization in Kazakhstan (negative factors and benefits)
- •40.The law the Republic of Kazakhstan “On combating terrorism”
- •41. Basic principles in the fight against terrorism in the Republic of Kazakhstan are:
- •43. The purpose of the legal regulation of combat against terrorism in Kazakhstan is:
10. Lesions. Classification based on the degree of human exposure to hts.
When poured out (emissions) HTS form lesions. A lesion of HTS is called an area, within which there were massive destruction people, farm animals and plants by HTS. Moreover, during the hostilities or natural disasters occurring at the site of manufacture, use or transporting of HTS, the probability of these lesions is greatly increased. They are usually divided into areas of direct pouring out (discharge) of HTS, and zones of localization of their vapors.
On the degree of influence on the human organism harmful substances are divided into four classes of danger:
1st - extremely hazardous substances;
2nd - highly hazardous substances;
3rd - moderately hazardous substances;
4th - low-hazard substances.
11. Effect of contaminants on human health (acute and chronic intoxication). Prevention of occupational poisoning.
Highly toxic substances (HTS) - are chemical substances that are intended for use in the national economy and have a toxicity that can cause massive destruction of people, animals and plants. Effect of HTS on human health:
Acute intoxication occurs, as a rule, suddenly after a brief exposure to relatively high concentrations of venom and is expressed more or less severe and specific clinical symptoms.
Chronic intoxication caused by the intake of small amounts of venom and associated with the development of pathological phenomena only under condition of the long-term exposure, sometimes by several years.
Prevention of occupational poisoning
Measures to prevent occupational poisoning include hygienic rationalization process, its mechanization and hermetization
A major role in the prevention of occupational intoxications belongs to the mechanization of the production process, making it possible to conduct it in a closed apparatus and minimize the contact of the worker with toxic substances. Similar problems are solved with the hermetization (sealing) of the production equipment and facilities that emit toxic gases, fumes and dust. A reliable means of combating air pollution is the creation of vacuum, which prevents release of toxins through existing leaks.
12. Characteristics of hazardous substances used in production (ammonia, chlorine etc.). Actions in case of accidents.
Characteristics of hazardous substances used in production:
Ammonia
MAIN PROPERTIES: Colorless gas with a sharp suffocating odor, the boiling point of -33.4 C, vapor is lighter than air, explosive when mixed with oxygen. Ammonia is unstable, high-speed. Infected cloud is distributed in the upper atmosphere.
FIRST AID MEASURES: First aid in the focus of the lesion, carried out in order of self-and
mutual-aid: Wash eyes and face with water, wear a mask or cotton-gauze bandage moistened
with a 5% solution of citric acid, and wash exposed skin with water, immediately leave the
center of contamination
CHLORINE
KEY FEATURES: Greenish-yellow gas with a sharp odor, the boiling point of 34.1 C, vapor is
heavier than air.
FIRST AID MEASURES: First aid in the focus of the lesion, carried out in order of self-and mutual-aid: Rinse face with water, wear a mask or cotton-gauze bandage soaked in 2% solution of baked soda, wash exposed skip with water and soup, immediately leave the center of contamination.
Hydrochloric acid
KEY FEATURES: A colorless liquid with a sharp odor. It is easy to evaporate and smokes in the air. Is readily soluble in water. Corrosion for most metals. Boiling point 110 C, vapor is heavier than air.
FIRST AID MEASURES: First aid in the focus of the lesion, carried out in order of self-and mutual-aid: Rinse face with water, wear a mask or cotton-gauze bandage soaked in 2% solution of baking soda, and exposed skin with soap and water, leave immediately lesion.
Other Toxic Substances: Methane, Oxygen. Acetylene, Propane-butane mixture, Methanol (methyl alcohol, carbanol), Diethylene glycol, Odorant, Gas condensate