Assignments

I. Memorise the following words and phrases:

work measurement	нормування праці
to time	розраховувати за часом
timing	розрахунок часу
sampling	вибіркове дослідження
random observation	спостереження, зроблене навмання
work is assigned in batches	робота дається дозовано
manning table	штатний розпис
work load	обсяг робіт, який має бути виконаний
man hour	людино-година
reasonable	розумний, обґрунтований, допустимий, поміркований
capacity	розумові здібності
labour costs	витрати на зарплату
manpower planning	планування трудових ресурсів
to spotlight	висвітлити, поставити в центрі уваги
to average	виводити середню математичну величину

II. Suggest the Ukrainian equivalents of the words and phrases below:

the number of key depressions; the number of inches of dictated tape; variable factor; to introduce work measurement; work content; to list the work performed; target time; to record the time; repetitive work; drawing office; research laboratory; to estimate; assessment; accounting consultant;

III. Find English equivalents to the following phrases from the text:

запровадити нормування роботи; консультант з обліку; дослідницька лабораторія; робота, яка повторюється; креслярська установа; визначений час; змінний фактор; зміст роботи; фіксувати час; заносити до списку виконану роботу.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What are the most widely used methods of work measurement?

2. What steps does the method of VFP comprise?

3. What is the purpose of the GCA?

4. What are the advantages of the GCA method?

Unit 1.2. Office Machinery and Equipment

A simple start to the problem of effective communications is to decide first which communications must be in writing and which may be orally transmitted. The oral grouping is then divided into urgent and not so urgent; then those frequently used and those infrequently used. Then prepare a list of media of transmitting oral communications and study each method from the viewpoint of cost, speed and effectiveness.

The same process is followed with written communications.

1.2.1. Written Communication

Internal communications may be between offices or departments. The volume of communications will determine which of the following methods are used:

• personal messenger ─ training and supervising may be costly;

• conveyor systems ─ used where volume of work is great and the following systems may be used:

1. Pneumatic tubes ─ container is sent to various centres by means of compressed air;

2. Conveyor belts ─ folders travel along motor-driven belts;

3. Vertical lift and chain wire conveyors;

• text produced by typewriter, word processor, teleprinter, electronic mail, telex, fax and radio-pager.

We will now turn our attention to external written communications. Correspondence must conform to certain standards, these are easier to standardize if the work is centralized. Centralized dictation offers a simple way to increase office efficiency and has three main advantages:

• executive can dictate with minimum effort and delay;

• central pool means fewer typists than dictators;

• smoother work flow increases typing productivity.