- •Contents Section I. Modern business administration
- •Section II. Management information systems
- •Section III. Legal matters
- •Section IV. Business etiquette
- •Section V. Office safety. Stress at work
- •Section VI. Business documentation
- •Section VII. Insurance
- •7.3 Marine Insurance…………………………………………………….. Section VIII. Psychology in work
- •Передмова
- •Section I. Modern business administration Unit 1.1. Responsibility for Office Work
- •1.1.1. Office work
- •Assignments
- •1.1.2. Centralization and Decentralization
- •Centralization of office services
- •Selection of office site
- •Assignments
- •1.1.3. Layout of Office
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •1.1.4. Forms Design and Control
- •Assignments
- •1.1.5. Work Measurement
- •Assignments
- •Unit 1.2. Office Machinery and Equipment
- •1.2.1. Written Communication
- •Dictating machines
- •Facsimile reproduction and transmission
- •Teleprinters and telex systems
- •Real-time systems
- •Assignments
- •1.2.2. Oral Communication Telephone
- •Intercommunication (intercom) systems
- •Staff location or paging systems
- •Assignments
- •1.2.3. Other Office Services Filing
- •Filing equipment
- •Records retention
- •Microphotography
- •Assignments
- •1.2.4. Mailing
- •Reproduction
- •Assignments
- •1.2.5. Data Processing (dp)
- •1.Input
- •2. Storage
- •3. Arithmetic unit (or processing unit)
- •4. Output unit
- •5.Control unit
- •Assignments
- •1.2.6. Some other Terms Used
- •Word processor
- •Assignments
- •1.2.7. Databases
- •Digital Image Processing (dip)
- •Some advantages of dip
- •Assignments
- •1.2.8. The Future of the Office Teleworking
- •The integrated office
- •Assignments
- •1.2.9. Security, Data Protection and Audit
- •Security of information
- •Assignments
- •1.2.10. The Place of Management Services in a Company The data processing (dp) manager
- •A systems analyst
- •A programmer
- •The operations manager
- •Organization of machine room
- •Assignments
- •Section II. Management information systems Unit 2.1. Introduction to mis
- •2.1.1. What is mis?
- •Assignments
- •2.1.2.Management Functions and Levels
- •Assignments
- •2.1.3. The Nature of Planning and Decision Making and the Techniques Available
- •Assignments
- •2.1.4. The Influence of Information Technology (it)
- •Assignments
- •1. What is it?
- •2.1.5.Changes Affecting Organisations
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •Unit 2.2. Information, Data and Communication
- •2.2.1. Information and Management
- •Information Classifications
- •Assignments
- •2.2.2. Data and Information
- •Assignments
- •2.2.3. Characteristics of Good Information
- •Communication Methods
- •Assignments
- •2.2.4. Perception
- •Assignments
- •2.2.5. Communication Systems
- •Assignments
- •2.2.6. Mis Definition
- •Information in Organisations
- •Assignments
- •Unit 2.3.Information Technology and mis
- •2.3.1. What is it?
- •Assignments
- •2.3.2. It and Information Systems
- •Text Handling
- •Teletext/Viewdata
- •Assignments
- •2.3.3. Telecommunications
- •Voice Mail
- •Assignments
- •2.3.4. Tele-conferencing and Video-conferencing
- •Elecronic Data Interchange (edi)
- •Other communication systems
- •Assignments
- •Section III. Legal matters Unit 3.1. Company law
- •3.1.1. Characteristics of a Company
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •3.1.2. Board Meetings
- •1. Board meetings
- •2. Shareholders’ meetings
- •Assignments
- •3.1.3.Shareholders’ Meetings
- •Assignments
- •Golden Tours Limited
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Memorandum
- •3.1.4.Removal of a Director from the Board
- •Assignments
- •Director’s service agreement
- •3.1.5.Unfair Dismissal
- •Assignments
- •3.2.1. Full-time Employment Contract
- •3.2.2. Disciplinary Warnings (verbal and written)
- •3.2.3. Letter of Redundancy
- •3.2.4. Employment Law and Human Resource Terms
- •3.2.5. Employment Discrimination
- •Section IV. Business etiquette Unit 4.1.How to Behave in Business
- •4.1.1.The Rules of Good Business Manners
- •Assignments
- •4.1.2. Dealing with People Face to Face
- •Grammar notes
- •Assignments
- •4.1.3. Dealing with Customers and Suppliers
- •Assignments
- •4.1.4. Handling Conflict
- •Assignments
- •4.1.5. Building Relationships
- •Assignments
- •4.1.6. The Etiquette of Using Mobile Phones
- •Assignments
- •4.1.7. Business Meetings
- •4.1.8. Formal Meetings
- •Assignments
- •4.1.9.Business Meals
- •Assignments
- •4.1.10. Social Occasions
- •Hospitality events
- •Office parties
- •Assignments
- •Unit 4.2. Dealing with Different Cultures
- •4.2.1.Being Courteous toForeign Business People
- •Assignments
- •4.2.2.Dealing with the Americans
- •4.2.3. Dealing with the Japanese
- •Assignments
- •4.2.4. Dealing with the Arabs
- •Ethnic and Religious Differences
- •Assignments
- •4.2.5. Dealing with Continental Europeans
- •Assignments
- •4.2.6.Relationships between Businesses
- •Respect hierarchies
- •Be loyal to your firm
- •Handling complaints
- •Confidential material
- •Assignments
- •4.2.7. Office Rage
- •Assignments
- •Section V. Office safety. Stress at work. Unit 5.1. Office Safety.
- •5.1.1. Housekeeping
- •Assignments
- •5.1.2. Electrical appliances
- •Assignments
- •5.1.3. Dangerous Substances
- •Assignments
- •5.1.4. Fire Precautions
- •Assignments
- •5.1.5. Office Health and Safety Audit
- •Assignments
- •Unit 5.2. Stress at Work
- •5.2.1. What is Stress?
- •Assignments
- •5.2.2. Role Theory
- •Assignments
- •5.2.3. The Effects of Stress
- •Assignments
- •5.2.4. Coping Strategies
- •Assignments
- •Vocabulary notes
- •5.2.5. Priorities in Managing Stress
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •5.2.6. Stress Management and Communication
- •Assignments
- •5.2.7. Stress Management Techniques
- •Assignments
- •5.2.8. Steps to Combat Stress
- •Assignments
- •Section VI. Business documentation Unit 6.1. Business Letters
- •6.1.1. Introduction to Business Letters
- •Parts of a Business Letter
- •Inside Address
- •Introduction
- •Identification Initials
- •Assignments
- •6.1.2. Sample Business Letters
- •6.1.2.1. Job Application Letters1
- •Assignments
- •Job Application Letter (follow-up)
- •Assignments
- •Job Application Letters (unsolicited letter)
- •Assignments
- •Reply to an Unsolicited Letter
- •Assignments
- •Covering Letter
- •Assignments
- •CurriculumVitae
- •Example cv wendy benson
- •Assignments
- •6.1.2.2. Complaint Letters
- •Complaint about Truck’s Breakdown
- •Assignments
- •Reply to Complaint about Delay in Submiting Technical Documentation
- •Assignments
- •Complaint about Damage
- •Assignments
- •Reply to Complaint about Damage
- •Assignments
- •Reply to Complaint about Bad Workmanship
- •Assignments
- •Reply to Complaint about Non-delivery
- •Assignments
- •Points to Remember
- •6.1.2.3. Banking Request for a Standing Order
- •Assignments
- •Credit (request for general credit facilities)
- •Assignments
- •Refusal of Credit Facilities
- •Assignments
- •Credit Denied
- •Assignments
- •Credit Granted
- •Assignments
- •Assignments
- •Credit (referee’s reply)
- •Assignments
- •Credit (enquiry agent’s reply)
- •Assignments
- •6.1.2.4. Payment Payment (request for an extension)
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •Payment (offer of a compromise)
- •Assignments
- •Payment (reply to second request)
- •Assignments
- •Payment (third request, final demand)
- •Assignments
- •Error: Mistake in Payment
- •Assignments
- •Collection Letter(first request)
- •Assignments
- •Collection Letter (subsequent requests)
- •Assignments
- •6.1.2.5. Insurance Request for Comprehensive Insurance
- •Assignments
- •Reply to Claim for Fire Damage
- •Assignments
- •Transportation and Shipping
- •Assignments
- •6.1.2.6.Miscellaneous Replies and Quotations
- •Assignments
- •Delay in Delivery
- •Assignments
- •Quotation of Terms
- •Assignments
- •Placing an Order (covering letter)
- •Assignments
- •Rendering Technical Assistance
- •Assignments
- •Reply to Request to Eliminate the Breakdown of the Generator
- •Assignments
- •Tenders for the Construction Works
- •Assignments
- •Letter of Acknowledgment
- •Assignments
- •Letter of Appreciation
- •Assignments
- •Letter of Recommendation
- •Assignments
- •Reservation Letter
- •Assignments
- •Assignments
- •Letter of Resignation
- •Assignments
- •Unit 6.2. Other Business Documents
- •6.2.1. The Memorandum
- •6.2.2. Sample Memorandums Sample Memorandum 1
- •Sample Memorandums 2
- •Sample Memorandums 3
- •Interoffice message
- •Assignments
- •Sample Memorandum 4
- •Assignments
- •Sample Memorandum 5
- •Visit of a customer
- •Assignments
- •Sample Memorandum 6
- •Industrial change
- •Assignments
- •Sample Memorandum 7 Redundancies
- •Assignments
- •Sample Memorandum 8
- •Assignments
- •6.2.3. Minutes
- •Assignments
- •14 In suite 15, administration building
- •Assignments
- •Assignments
- •6.2.4. Report Writing
- •Setting the objective
- •Researching and organising information
- •1. Decide what information you need
- •2. Collect the material
- •3.Collate the information
- •4. Sort it into groups
- •Structuring the report
- •Writing in a clear style
- •Using correct English
- •Adding the finishing touches
- •Assignments
- •6.2.5. Sample Reports Sample Report 1
- •Market research summary
- •1. Sales
- •2.Advertising
- •3. Competition
- •4. Finance
- •Assignments
- •Sample Report 2
- •Report on Internet sales
- •Assignments
- •Sample report 3 Advertising agency’s report
- •Preliminary Market Research Report for Katz Electrical Ltd
- •Assignments
- •6.2.6. Documents Used in Transportation of Goods Road, Rail, and Air Transport
- •Road transport
- •Documentation
- •Rail transport
- •Documentation
- •Documentation
- •General
- •Assignments
- •Shipping
- •Types of vessel
- •Containers services
- •Shipping documentation
- •Shipping Liabilities
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Assignments
- •6.2.7. Essential Features of Contract
- •Assignments
- •Terms of Payment
- •Assignments
- •Terms of Delivery
- •Incoterms
- •Insurance of Goods
- •Assignments
- •Force Majeure
- •Assignments
- •Claims and Sanctions
- •Claim Procedure
- •Ways of Settling a Claim
- •Assignments
- •6. Packing and Marking
- •7. Terms of Payment
- •8. Sanctions and claims
- •9. Force majeure
- •Settlement of disputes and arbitration
- •11. Miscellaneous
- •Legal Addresses of the Parties
- •Assignments
- •Sample Contract 2
- •Article 1
- •Article 2
- •Article 3
- •Article 4
- •Article 5
- •Article 6
- •Article 7
- •Article 8
- •Article 9
- •Article 10
- •Article 11
- •Article 12
- •Assignments
- •Article 4
- •Article 5
- •Article 6
- •Article 7
- •Article 8
- •Section VII. Insurance
- •7.1. Insurance Procedures
- •Fire and Accident Insurance
- •Assignments
- •7.2. Accident Insurance
- •Assignments
- •7.3. Marine insurance
- •Marine Insurance Policies
- •Assignments
- •Section VIII. Psychology in work.
- •8.1. Psychological Theories about Unemployment and Retirement
- •Assignments
- •8.2. Retirement and Responsibility
- •Assignments
- •8.3. Leadership
- •Assignments
- •8.4. Choosing People for Jobs
- •Assignments
- •Список літератури
- •Dictionaries
Terms of Delivery
Details of mutual obligations of counterparts referring to terms of delivery are given in Incoterms issued by the International Chamber of Commerce. They are revised regularly, and additional terms may be added.
The main Incoterms are in four groups, which are named after the first letter in the term.
Incoterms
GROUP C |
|
CFR |
Cost and Freight Вартість і фрахт |
“Cost and Freight” means that the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination but the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.This term can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport. When the ship’s rail serves no practical purpose, such as in the case of roll-on/roll-off or container traffic, the CPT term is more appropriate to use.
GROUP C |
|
CIF |
Cost, Insurance and Freight Вартість страхування і фрахт |
“Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller has the same obligations as under CFR but with the addition that he has to procure marine insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.
The buyer should note that under the CIF term the seller is only required to obtain insurance on minimum coverage. The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
This term can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport. When the ship’s rail serves no practical purposes such as in the case of roll-on/roll-off or container traffic, the CIP term is more appropriate to use.
GROUP C |
|
CPT |
Carriage Paid To Фрахт/ перевезення оплачено до... |
“CPT” means that the seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrier.
“Carrier” means any person who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of carriage, by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or by a combination of such modes.If subsequent carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed destination, the risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier.
The CPT term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
This term may be used for any mode of transport including multimodal transport.
GROUP C |
|
CIP |
Carriage and Insurance Paid To Фрахт/ перевезення та страхування оплачено до... |
“Carriage and insurance paid to...” means that the seller has the same obligations as under CPT but with the addition that the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer's risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. The buyer should note that under the CIP term the seller is only required to obtain insurance on minimum coverage. The CIP term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term may be used for any mode of transport including multimodal transport.
GROUP D |
|
DAF |
Delivered at Frontier Поставка до кордону |
“Delivered at Frontier” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available, cleared for export, at the named point and place at the frontier, but before the customs border of the adjoining country. The term “frontier” may be used for any frontier including that of the country of export. Therefore, it is of vital importance that the frontier in question be defined precisely by always naming the point and place in the term. The term is primarily intended to be used when goods are to be carried by rail or road, but it may be used for any mode of transport.
GROUP D |
|
DES |
Delivered Ex-Ship Поставка з судна |
“Delivered Ex Ship” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available to the buyer on board the ship uncleared for import at the named port of destination. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination.
This term can only be used for sea or inland waterway transport.
GROUP D |
|
DEQ |
Delivered Ex-Quay Поставка з причалу |
“Delivered Ex Quay” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has made the goods available to the buyer on the quay (wharf) at the named port of destination, cleared for importation. The seller has to bear all risks and costs including duties, taxes and other charges of delivering the goods thereto. This term should not be used if the seller is unable directly or indirectly to obtain the import licence. If the parties wish to exclude from the seller's obligations some of the costs payable upon importation of the goods (such as value added tax (VAT)), this should be made clear by adding words to this effect: “Delivered ex quay, VAT unpaid (... named port of destination)”. This term can only be used for sea or inland waterway transport.
GROUP D |
|
DDP |
Delivered Duty Paid Поставка зі сплатою мита |
“Delivered duty paid” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear the risks and costs, including duties, taxes and other charges of delivering the goods thereto, cleared for importation. Whilst the EXW term represents the minimum obligation for the seller, DDP represents the maximum obligation.
This term should not be used if the seller is unable directly or indirectly to obtain the import licence. If the parties wish the buyer to clear the goods for importation and to pay the duty, the term DDU should be used.
If the parties wish to exclude from the seller's obligations some of the costs payable upon importation of the qoods (such as value added tax (VAT)), this should be made clear by adding words to this effect: “Delivered duty paid VAT unpaid (...named place of destination)”. This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport.
GROUP D |
|
DDU |
Delivered Duty Unpaid Поставка без сплати мита |
“Delivered duty unpaid” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto (excluding duties, taxes and other official charges payable upon importation as well as the costs and risks of carrying out customs formalities). The buyer has to pay any additional costs and to bear any risks caused by his failure to clear the goods for import in time. If the parties wish the seller to carry out customs formalities and bear the costs and risks resulting therefrom, this has to be made clear by adding words to this effect. If the parties wish to include in the seller's obligations some of the costs payable upon importation of the goods (such as value added tax (VAT)), this should be made clear by adding words to this effect: «Delivered duty unpaid, VAT paid, (... named place of destination)». This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport.
GROUP E |
|
EXW |
Ex-Works Франко- завод |
“Ex works” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has made the goods available at his premises (i.e. works, factory, warehouse, etc.) to the buyer. In particular, he is not responsible for loading the goods on the vehicle provided by the buyer or for clearing the goods for export, unless otherwise agreed. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller's premises to the desired destination. This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller. This term should not be used when the buyer cannot carry out directly or indirectly the export formalities. In such circumstances, the FCA term should be used.
GROUP F |
|
FCA |
Free Carrier Франко- перевізник |
“Free Carrier” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point.
This term may be used for any mode of transport, including multimodal transport.
“Carrier” means any person who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or by a combination of such modes. If the buyer instructs the seller to deliver the cargo to a person, e.g. a freight forwarder who is not a «carrier», the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are in the custody of that person.
GROUP F |
|
FAS |
Free Alongside Ship Франко вздовж борту судна |
“Free Alongside Ship” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been placed alongside the vessel on the quay or in lighters at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that moment.
The FAS term requires the buyer to clear the goods for export. It should not be used when the buyer cannot carry out directly or indirectly the export formalities. This term can only be used for sea or inland waterway transport.
GROUP F |
|
FOB |
Free On board Франко- борт |
“Free on Board” means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship's rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can only be used for sea or inland waterway transport. When the ship's rail serves no practical purpose, such as in the case of roll-on/roll-off or container traffic, the FCA term is more appropriate to use.
Incoterms are quoted in correspondence in the following way:
$ 35, 000 FOB Rotterdam (i.e. the price includes delivery costs to when the goods are on board ship at Rotterdam). Abbreviation for Incoterms may also be written in lower case, e.g. cfr or fob.
Assignments
I. Match the following English and Ukrainian words and phrases:
A.
1) port of destination |
a) порт відвантаження |
2) the risk of loss of or damage to the goods |
b) забезпечити морське страхування проти… |
3) on board the vessel |
c) внутрішній водний транспорт |
4) to bear costs and risks |
d) укласти договір страхування |
5) port of shipment |
e) порт призначення |
6) to clear the goods for export/importation |
f) сплатити страхові внески |
7) inland waterway transport |
g) на борту судна |
8) roll-on / roll-off traffic |
h) забезпечити страхування з мінімальним покриттям |
9) to procure marine insurance against smth. |
i) ризик втрати чи пошкодження товару |
10) to contract for insurance |
j) нести втрати і ризики |
11) to pay the insurance premium |
k) здійснити митне очищення товару для експорту / імпорту |
12) to obtain insurance of minimum coverage |
l) перевезення на транспортних засобах «ро-ро» |
B.
1) to undertake to perform or to procure the performance of carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway |
a) товар, наданий у розпорядження покупця на борту судна |
2) the named point and place at the frontier |
b) вилучити з обов’язків продавця |
3) the customs border |
c) товар, який не прийшов митного очищення для імпорту |
4) adjoining country |
d) витрати, що підлягають сплаті |
5) the goods have been made available to the buyer on board the ship |
e) причал (набережна) |
6) goods uncleared for import |
f) митний кордон |
7) to bear all the costs and risks |
g) податок на додану вартість (ПДВ) |
8) quay (wharf) |
h) виконати зобов’язання |
9) exclude from the sellers obligations |
i) назване місце та пункт на кордоні |
10) costs payable |
j) суміжна країна |
11) value added tax (VAT) |
k) нести витрати і ризики |
12) to fulfill obligations |
l) зобов’язатися здійснити, або забезпечити здійснення перевезення товару залізницею, автомобільним, повітряним, морським, внутрішнім водним транспортом |
С.
1) to obtain the import license |
a) передавати товар призначеному покупцем перевізнику |
2) the risk is transferred from the seller to the buyer |
b) коли товар розміщений вздовж борту судна |
3) to carry out customs formalities |
c) продавець вважається таким, що виконав свої зобов’язання |
4) loading the goods on the vehicle |
d) у названому порту відправлення |
5) to hand over the goods into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer |
e) отримати імпортну ліцензію |
6) freight forwarder |
f) коли товар перейшов через поручні судна |
7) the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation |
g) виконувати дії з проходження митних процедур |
8) when the goods have been placed alongside the vessel |
h) ризик переходить з продавця на покупця |
9) when the goods have passed over the ship’s rail |
i) експедитор вантажу |
10) at the named port of shipment |
j) завантаження товарів на вантажівку |
II.Translate into English
1.Термін "франко-завод" означає, що продавець вважається таким, який виконав свої зобов'язання щодо поставки в момент, коли він надав товар у розпорядження покупця на площах свого підприємства чи в іншому названому місці (наприклад, на заводі, фабриці, складі і т. ін.) без здійснення митного очищення товару для експорту та завантаження його на будь-який приймаючий транспортний засіб.
2. Цей термін покладає мінімальні обов'язки на продавця, а покупець несе всі витрати і ризики у зв'язку з перевезенням товару з площ продавця до місця призначення.
3.Термін "франко-перевізник" означає, що продавець здійснює поставку товару, який пройшов митне очищення для експорту, шляхом передавання призначеному покупцем перевізнику в названому місці.
4.Під словом "перевізник" розуміється будь-яка особа, що на підставі договору перевезення зобов'язується здійснити або забезпечити здійснення перевезення товару залізницею, автомобільним, повітряним, морським, внутрішнім водним транспортом або комбінацією цих видів транспорту.
5.Якщо покупець призначає іншу особу, а не перевізника, прийняти товар для перевезення, то продавець вважається таким, що виконав свої обов'язки щодо поставки товару з моменту його передавання такій особі.
6.Термін "франко вздовж борту судна" означає, що поставка є здійсненою продавцем, коли товар розміщений біля борту судна в названому порту відвантаження. Це означає, що з цього моменту всі витрати й ризики втрати чи пошкодження товару повинен нести покупець.
7.Термін FAS зобов'язує продавця здійснити митне очищення товару для експорту.
8.Термін "франко-борт" означає, що поставка є здійсненою продавцем, коли товар перейшов через поручні судна в названому порту відвантаження. Це означає, що з цього моменту всі витрати й |ризики втрати чи пошкодження товару повинен нести покупець.
9.Термін "вартість і фрахт" означає, що поставка є здійсненою продавцем, коли товар перейшов через поручні судна в порту відвантаження.
10.Продавець зобов'язаний понести витрати та оплатити фрахт, необхідні для доставки товару до названого порту призначення, проте ризик втрати чи пошкодження товару, а також будь-які додаткові витрати, спричинені подіями, що виникають після здійснення поставки, переходять з продавця на покупця.
11.Термін CFR зобов'язує продавця здійснити митне очищення товару для експорту.
12.Цей термін може застосовуватися тільки у випадках перевезення товару морським або внутрішнім водним транспортом.
13. За умовами терміна CIF на продавця покладається також обов'язок забезпечення морського страхування на користь покупця проти ризику втрати чи пошкоджеі товару під час перевезення.
14. Під словом "перевізник' розуміється будь-яка особа, що на підставі договору перевезення зобов'язується здійснити або забезпечити здійснення перевезення товару залізницею, автомобільним, повітряним, морським, внутрішнім водним транспортом або комбінацією цих видів транспорту.
15. У випадку здійснення перевезення в узгоджений пункт призначення декількома перевізниками перехід ризику відбувається в момент передачі товару першому з них.
16. Термін СРТ зобов'язує продавця здійснити митне очищення товару для експорту.
17. За умовами терміна CIP на продавця покладається також обов'язок забезпечення страхування на користь покупця проти ризику втрати чи пошкодження товару під час перевезення.
18. Продавець зобов'язаний укласти договір страхування та сплатити страхові внески.
19. Покупець повинен мати на увазі, що за умовами терміна СІР від продавця вимагається забезпечення страхування лише з мінімальним покриттям.
20. Термін "поставка з судна" означає, що продавець виконав свої обов'язки щодо поставки, коли товар, який не пройшов митного очищення для імпорту, наданий у розпорядження покупця на борту судна в названому порту призначення.
21. Термін "поставка до кордону" означає, що продавець виконав свої обов'язки щодо поставки, коли товар, який пройшов митне очищення для експорту, але ще не для імпорту, наданий у розпорядження покупця в названому місці та пункті на кордоні, але перед митним кордоном суміжної країни. Під терміном "кордон" може розумітися будь-який кордон; включаючи кордон країни експорту.
22. Термін "поставка з причалу" означає, що продавець виконав свої обов'язки щодо поставки, коли товар, який не пройшов митного очищення для імпорту, наданий у розпорядження покупця на причалі (набережній) у названому порту призначення.
23. Якщо сторони бажають включити в зобов'язання продавця сплату всіх або частини витрат, що підлягають сплаті при імпорті товару, сторони повинні включити чітке застереження про це в договір купівлі-продажу.
24. Термін "поставка без сплати мита" означає, що продавець здійснює поставку покупцю товару без проведення його митного очищення для імпорту в названому місці призначення.
25. Якщо сторони бажають покласти на продавця обов'язки щодо проходження ввізних митних процедур і несення витрат і ризиків, пов'язаних із цим, або сплати деяких витрат, якими супроводжується імпорт товару, сторони повинні включити чітке застереження про це в договір купівлі-продажу.
