Medicines - лекарства
to make up a medicine / drug – приготовить лекарство
chemist’s (dispensary; drugstore (Am)) - аптека
to take a medicine for – принимать лекарство от
mixture - микстура
pills - таблетки
powders - порошки
ointment - мазь
The ointment will keep the swelling down. – Мазь снимет опухоль.
drops - капли
a medicine dropper (pipette) - пипетка
a tablespoonful – столовая ложка
a teaspoonful – чайная ложка
three times a day – три раза в день
every two hours – каждые два часа
after / before meals – до/после еды
on аn empty stomach – на пустой желудок
The medicine must be taken on an empty stomach. – Лекарство надо принимать на пустой желудок.
pain reliever (killer) - обезболивающее
for soothing the pain - обезболивающее
for reducing the temperature - жаропонижающее
sedative - успокоительное
laxative - слабительное
tonic - укрепляющее
antiseptic - антисептик
to take for a headache / cough / a cold – принимать лекарство от головной боли / кашля / простуды
What do you take for a headache? – Что вы принимаете от головной боли?
to apply a mustard plaster – поставить горчичник
to apply a medicine – приложить лекарство /компресс
14. to put a dressing – наложить повязку
to remove the bandage – снять повязку
a plaster cast -гипс
to put on a plaster cast – наложить гипс
to give a shot (injection) - сделать укол
a shot in the arm – укол в руку
to be inoculated against – сделать прививку от
to put a hot bottle water to – положить грелку к
a course of medical treatment – курс лечения
a hospital treatment – лечение в стационаре
a light treatment – легкое лечение
a foot-bath – ножная ванна
a sun-bath – солнечная ванна
The Doctor - врач
specialists - специалисты
physician – терапевт, врач
general practitioner (GP) - терапевт
dentist - стоматолог
surgeon - хирург
oncologist - онколог
neurologist - невропатолог
ophthalmologist - офтальмолог
gynaecologist [gaini kolodzist] - гинеколог
nurse - медсестра
Reading 3
A Victim to One Hundred and Seven Fatal Maladies
Abridged from the «Three Men in a Boat» by Jerome K. Jerome
There were four of us – George, and William Samuel Harris, and myself, and Montmorency. We were sitting in my room, smoking and talking about how bad we were – bad from a medical point of view I mean, of course.
We were all feeling seedy, and we were getting nervous about it. Harris said he felt such extraordinary fits of giddiness come over him at times, that he hardly knew what he was doing; and then George said that he had fits of giddiness too, and hardly knew what he was doing. With me, it was my liver that was out of order, because I had just been reading a patent liver-pill circular, in which were detailed various symptoms by which a man could tell when his liver was out of order. I had them all.
It is a most extraordinary thing, but I never read a patent medicine advertisement without being impelled to the conclusion that I am suffering from a particular disease therein dealt with in its most virulent (1) form. The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt.
I remember going to the British Museum one day to read up the treatment for some slight ailment of which I had a touch, hay fever, I fancy it was. I got down the book, and read all I came to read; and then, in an unthinking moment, I idly turned the leaves, and began to indolently (2) study diseases, generally.
I came to typhoid fever, read the symptoms, discovered that I had typhoid fever, must have had it for months without knowing it, wondered what else I had got: turned up St. Vitus Dance, found, as I expected, that I had that too, began to get interested in my case, and determined to sift (3) it to the bottom, and so started alphabetically-read up ague (4), and learnt that I was sickening for it, and that the acute stage would commance in about another fortnight. Bright's disease (5) I was relieved to find, I had only in a modified form, and, so far that was concerned, I might live for years. Cholera I had, with severe complications; and diphtheria I seemed to have been born with. I plodded (6) conscientiously through the twenty-six letters, and the only malady I could conclude I had not got was housemaid's knee (7).
I felt rather hurt about this at first; it seemed somehow to be a sort of slight (8). Why hadn’t I got housemaid's knee? Why this invidious (9) reservation? After a while, however, less grasping feelings prevailed. I reflected that I had every other known malady in the pharmacology, and I grew less selfish, and determined to do without housemaid's knee. Gout (10), in its most malignant stage, it would appear, had siezed me without my being aware of it; and zymosis (11) I had evidently been suffering with from boyhood. There were no more diseases after Zymosis, so I concluded there was nothing else the matter with me.
I thought what an interesting case I must be from a medical point of view, what an acquisition I should be to a class! Students would have no need to «walk the hospitals» if they had me. I was a hospital in myself. All they need do would be to walk round me, and, after that, take their diploma.
Then I wondered how long I had to live. I tried to examine myself. I felt my pulse. I could not at first feel any pulse at all. Then, all of a sudden, it seemed to start off. I pulled out my watch and timed it. I made it a hundred and forty-seven to the minute. I tried to feel my heart. I could not feel my heart. It had stopped beating. I patted myself all over my front, from what I called my waist up to my head. But I could not feel or hear anything. I tried to look at my tongue. I stuck it out as far as ever it would go, and I shut one eye, and tried to examine it with the other. I could only see the tip, and the only thing that I could gain from that was to feel more certain than before that I gad scarlet fever.
I had walked into that reading-room a happy, wealthy man. I crawled out a decrepit wreck. I went to my medical man. «What a doctor wants,» I said, «is practice. He shall have me. He will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred of your ordinary, commonplace patients with only one or two diseases each.» So, I went straight up and saw him, and he said: «Well, what's the matter with you?» I said «I will not take up your time, dear boy, with telling you what is the matter with me. Life is brief and you may pass away before I had finished. But I will tell you what is not the matter with me. I have not got housemaid's knee. Why I have not got housemaid’s knee, I cannot tell you; but the fact remains that I have not got it. Everything else, however, I have got.»
And I told him how I came to discover it all. Then he opened me and looked down me, and clutched hold of my wrist, and then he hit me over the chest when I wasn't expecting it, a cowardly thing to do, I call it and immediately afterwards butted (12) me with the side of his head. After that, he sat down and wrote out a prescription, and folded it up and gave it to me, and I put it in my pocket and went out.
I did not open it. I took it to the nearest chemist, and handed it in. The man read it, and then handed it back. He said he didn't keep it. I said: «You are a chemist?» he said: «I am a chemist. If I was a cooperative stores and family hotel combined, I might be able to oblige you. Being only a chemist hampers me.»
I read the prescription. It ran: «1lb beefsteak, with 1 pt bitter beer every six hours.1ten-mile walk every morning. 1 bed at 11 sharp every night. And don't stuff up your head with things you don't understand.»
I followed the directions, with the happy result – speaking for myself – that my life was preserved, and is still going on.
In the present instance, going back to the liver-pill circular, I had the symptoms, beyond all mistake, the chief among them being a general disinclination to work of any kind.
What I suffer in that way no tongue can tell. From my earliest infancy I have been a martyr to it. As a boy, the disease hardly ever left me for a day. They did not know, then, that it was my liver. Medical science was in a far less advanced state than now, and they used to put it down to laziness.
“Why, you skulking little devil, you,” they would say, “get up and do something for your living, can’t you?” – not knowing, of course, that I was ill.
And they didn’t give me pills; they gave me clumps on the side of the head. And, strange as it may appear those clumps on the head often cured me – for the time being. I have known one clump on the head have more effect upon my liver, and make me feel more anxious to go straight away then and there, and do what was wanted to be done, without further loss of time, than a whole box of pills does now.
You know, it often is so – those simple, old-fashioned remedies are sometimes more effectious than all the dispensary stuff.
Exercise 1. DISEASES. Choose the right answer.
She died after a long … .
a) disease b) failing c) illness d) sickness
The doctor had three … of nose-bleeding in the same day.
a) aspects b) cases c) examples d) illnesses
He still suffers from a rare tropical disease which he … while in the Congo.
a) contracted b) gained c) infected d) received
My grandmother is very old and is not … very good health.
a) from b) in c) on d) with
The teachers at the school went … with flu one after another.
a) down b) off c) out d) under
Malaria is … by the female mosquito.
a) broadcast b) sent c) transmitted d) transported
Mary is in bed with a … attack of flu.
a) hard b) heavy c) large d) severe
My brother was … ill yesterday and is now in the hospital.
a) broken b) caught c) fallen d) taken
The school is half empty as a serious epidemic of measles has broken … .
a) down b) in c) out d) up
Several … of chicken pox have been reported.
a) cases b) doses c) occurrences d) types
He … a rare disease when he was working in the hospital.
a) caught b) infected c) suffered d) took
My headaches are usually brought … by worry.
a) in b) on c) up d) out
The doctor examined him carefully and … influenza.
a) concluded b) decided c) diagnosed d) realised
Some diseases … quickly from one person to another.
a) catch b) get about c) move d) spread
Tropical diseases are comparatively … in Russia.
a) few b) rare c) scarce d) slight
It was a minor illness and he soon got … it.
a) around b) on with c) over d) up to
I can never touch lobster because I am … to shellfish.
a) allergic b) infected c) sensible d) sensitive
She couldn’t go out because she had a … cold.
a) flowing b) leaking c) running d) streaming
The local medical officer reported a serious … of food-poisoning.
a) event b) incident c) outbreak d) state
The patient … his illness down to a virus infection.
a) laid b) placed c) put d) traced
You keep sneezing. You must have caught … .
a) a cold b) a cough c) a headache d) an illness
The children were suffering from the … of the hot weather.
a) consequences b) effects c) products d) results
He had a very bad cold and couldn’t stop … .
a) sneezing b) snoring c) spitting d) yawning
Children with … diseases should not be allowed to go to school.
a) constant b) contact c) infectious d) influential
He has … bronchitis. He has suffered from it for many years.
a) chronic b) durable c) fatal d) mortal
I have been advised to take every … against catching flu again this winter.
a) precaution b) prediction c) premeditation d) prevention
After the outbreak of a mysterious illness, investigation revealed … of the town’s water supply.
a) contagion b) eruption c) infiltration d) pollution
Apart from the … cough and cold, I have been remarkably healthy all my life.
a) irregular b) odd c) opportune d) timely
Smallpox, once responsible for millions of deaths, has been virtually … .
a) abolished b) eradicated c) erased d) exterminated
Unless we take immediate precautions, we shall not be able to … the epidemic.
a) contain b) destroy c) hold d) staunch
Peter can’t play with the children next door because he is still in … with measles.
a) confinement b) detention c) seclusion d) quarantine
The outbreak of whooping cough among children under 5 has now reached … proportions.
a) contagious b) endemic c) epidemic d) pathological
My little daughter is not allowed to play with her friends next door because one of them is suffering from a … disease.
a) contagious b) contiguous c) touching d) transmitting
An illness that is caused by the mind is known as … illness.
a) an acute b) a congenital c)familial d) a psychosomatic
She suffers from a morbid fear of spiders, known to doctors as … .
a) agoraphobia b) arachnophobia c) claustrophobia d) xenophobia
Exercise 2. Answer the following questions using the topical vocabulary.
What are the symptoms of flu (tonsillitis, measles, mumps, scarlet fever, etc.)? 2. Who is treated at the policlinic, and who is treated at the hospital? 3. What do you do when you fall ill? 4. What does the doctor do when he comes to examine you? 5. What do you feel when you have flu? 6. How does a sick person look? 7. How should we translate into Russian “He is ill” and “He has ill manners”? 8. What catching diseases do you know? 9. What catching diseases are considered to be children’s diseases? 10. Have you ever had any catching diseases? What? 10. Where are people treated in our country? 11. Who do you usually call for in case of an accident?
Exercise 3. Say in one word.
1. a set of red spots on the skin, caused by illness; 2. a medical condition caused by an illness in which the sufferer suddenly develops a very high temperature; 3. a doctor who is trained in general medicine and whose work is to treat people in a certain local area; 4. an instrument used esp. in science and medicine, which consists of a hollow tube into which liquid can be sucked and from which it can be pushed out, esp. through a needle, to put drugs into the body; 5. a long narrow piece of material, esp. cloth, for tying round a wound or round a part of the body that has been hurt; 6. a stick with a piece that fits under the arm, for supporting a person who has difficulty in walking; 7. to introduce a weak form of disease into someone as a protection against a disease; 8. a doctor whose job is to perform medical operations; 9. an oily substance, often medical to be rubbed on the skin; 10. a mass of diseased cells in the body which have divided and increased too quickly, causing swelling and illness; 11. a condition of having an unborn child in the body; 12. to have a sudden uncontrolled burst of air out of the nose, caused by discomfort in the nose; 13. the condition of being unable to empty the bowels frequently enough or efficiently; 14. the cracking or braking of the bone; 15. a person receiving treatment from a doctor or/and in a hospital.
Exercise 4. The following are the terms referring to some types of diseases. Match the types with their definitions.
acute
allergic
chronic
congenital
contagious
familial
infectious
metabolic
nutritional
psychosomatic
indicating hypersensitivity to particular food, kinds of pollen, insect stings, etc.
caused by mental stress
coming sharply to a crisis
lasting for a long time
due to disturbances in anabolic and catabolic processes
transmitted genetically from parent to child
caused by improper diet
spread by bacteria or viruses
present from or before birth
spreading by physical contact