The Use of Articles
We always use a/an with these illnesses: a cold, a sore throat
We can use or omit a/an with these: catch (a) cold, have (a/an) backaсhe/earache/ stomach-ache/ toothache
We use no article at all with these plurals: measles, mumps, shingles
We use no article with these: (high) blood pressure, flu, gout, hepatitis
Vocabulary exercises.
Exercise 1. Supply a/an where necessary. Note where you can use a/an or zero article:
I'm going to bed. I've got … headache.
I was awake all night with … toothache.
I think Gillian's got …….. flu.
The children are in bed with ….mumps.
Mind you don't catch … cold.
…… measles can be very unpleasant.
Don't come near me. I've got … sore throat.
I think I've got …cold.
I've had …. terrible backache.
I often suffer from …. backache.
Exercise 2. Translate from Russian into English.
Я страдаю от бессонницы. 2. Я все время чихаю и кашляю. 3. У меня болит горло. 4. В довершение ко всему я простудился. 5. Я задыхаюсь. 6. С легкими у вас все в порядке. 7. Глубоко вдохните через нос. 8. У вас может быть нервное расстройство. 9. Регулярно питайтесь и придерживайтесь овощной диеты. 10. Принимайте микстуру по столовой ложке три раза в день. 11. Обещаю полное выздоровление в течение трех месяцев. 12. Зубная боль досаждала ему уже три дня. 13. Я сделала ему два укола. 14. Я должно быть схватил грипп. 15. Вам лучше обратиться к врачу. 16. Врач пощупал мой пульс, прослушал сердце и легкие и измерил температуру. 17. Она не в состоянии работать, у нее ужасно болит зуб. 18. Я вся дрожу, должно быть я простудилась. 19. Я не могу читать вслух, у меня болит горло. 20. Беспокоиться не о чем, его успешно прооперировали. 21. Я, пожалуй, приму эту таблетку от головной боли. 22. Почему ты ходишь в такую погоду без шапки? Ты ведь недавно болел. У тебя могут быть осложнения. 23. Вам сделали рентген? 24. Вот рецепт. Принимайте таблетки два раза в день на голодный желудок. 25. У вас два больных зуба. Вам нужно обратиться к врачу и запломбировать их или удалить. 26. Врач попросил больного раздеться до пояса и осмотрел его. 27. Кто пойдет в аптеку заказать лекарство? 28. Если бы ты не следовал советам врача, ты бы не поправился так быстро. 29. Как жаль, доктор забыл мне выписать капли от насморка. 30. Почему у вас одышка, у вас высокое кровяное давление или что-нибудь с сердцем? 31. Ребенок болен скарлатиной. Придется ему дней десять полежать в постели.
Exercise 3. Supply prepositions where necessary.
Scarlet fever is an infectious fever, marked ... the appearance ... the second day ... a bright red rash consisting ... closely-set red pots. Shortly after the patient develops a high temperature and suffers ... painful sore throat. ... the third or fourth day the rash starts to fade and …favourable cases the temperature falls and the patient feels better. … the end … a week the rash usually disappears. Complete recovery may be expected … the following month. The complications … scarlet fever are very serious, the commonest being inflammation … the ear. Scarlet fever is essentially a disease … children and young persons.
Exercise 4. Supply articles where necessary.
Pneumonia is inflammation of ... lungs. ... disease starts with ... shivering attack followed by sharp rise of ... temperature, ... pain in ... side, shortness of ... breath, ... cough. After ... few days, during which ... symptoms remain unchanged or increase in severity, there comes, though not in ... every case, ... crisis: in ... course of ... few hours ... temperature, ... pulse-rate and … rate of breathing fall to nearly normal, and … patient, who has been very ill indeed and perhaps light-headed, suddenly feels almost well again.
Exercise 5. Give a short description of some disease using the phrases from the exercises above and following their pattern. (!!!)
Exercise 5. HEALTH. Choose the correct answer.
The doctor asked me to … to the waist.
a) bare b) strip c) take off d) undress
The nurse put a … round Peter’s bleeding knee.
a) bandage b) belt c) ribbon d) scarf
He had injured his arm badly and had to keep it in a … for several weeks.
a) cradle b) litter c) sling d) stretcher
When he finally …, he couldn’t remember what had happened.
a) came round b) held back c) stood back d) wore off
The ambulance men took the injured climber down the mountain on … .
a) a bedstead b) a cot c) a couch d) a stretcher
If he loses consciousness, give him a sip of brandy to bring him … .
a) back b) over c) round d) up
My sister works in a home for the deaf and … .
a) dumb b) mute c) speechless d) voiceless
The fact is, doctor, I just cannot … this dreadful cough.
a) get down to b) get out of c) get rid of d) get round to
While he was in hospital, his wound was … twice a day.
a) changed b) cured d) dressed d) healed
Apply direct … on the wound to stop severe bleeding.
a) compression b) contraction d) pressure d) restriction
Short sight can be … by the use of suitable glasses.
a) corrected b) fixed d) improved d) reduced
Whenever there is a flu … , doctors are kept very busy.
a) breakout b) outbreak d) outcome d) outlook
A walk in the fresh air will … .
a) better you b) do you good d) heal you d) make you good
It’s a good idea to see your doctor regularly for … .
a) a control b) a check-up d) a revision d) an investigation
An ambulance must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of … .
a) crash b) crisis d) emergency d) urgency
The doctor gave him a … examination.
a) conscientious b) methodical d) precise d) thorough
At midday the doctor went on his …, visiting sick patients.
a) circles b) rounds d) routs d) ways
He was worried about his health, but the doctor put his mind at … .
a) comfort b) leisure d) rest d) sleep
At the casualty department my sister had her injury … .
a) cured b) healed d) operated d) treated
Everyone hoped that he would … after the operation.
a) get well b) pull on d) pull out d) pull over
Euthanasia, or … killing, is a common subject for debate these says.
a) helpful b) kind d) mercy d) sympathetic
Exercise 6.Complete the sentences with a preposition (from, on, with, etc.)
My wife complained that something was wrong … her. She said she had a pain … her back and that she suffered … bad headaches. As she was getting worse and worse I sent … a doctor. Immediately afterwards she was taken … hospital. Yesterday she was operated … . Now she feels much better.
Fill in the right words.
I’ve got hay-fever and that’s the reason why I keep on _ _ _ e _ _ _ _ .
I really do not know if this medicine _ _ _ _ a _ _ _ alcohol; most medicines do.
As far as I know common aspirin is the best _ _ _ _ for your illness.
If the meeting is tomorrow I’ll have to _ _ _ c _ _ an appointment with my dentist.
He is a very talented _ _ _ g _ _ _ . All the patients on whom he has operated are in good health now.
While some surgeons are experimenting with transplantation of natural organs, others see the future in the use of _ _ _ _ f _ _ _ _ _ ones.
As the doctor came into the room the nurse handed him the temperature _ _ _ r _ of the patient.
He took a sleeping-tablet, but it had absolutely no _ _ _ _ c _ . It was a sleepless night for him.
Our children seem to spend all day playing doctors and _ _ _ _ _ n _ _ .
You can’t buy this medicine without a _ _ _ _ _ r _ _ _ _ _ _ from a doctor.
It may be dangerous to have a meal first and go for a swim immediately _ _ _ _ _ w _ _ _ _ .
I don’t feel very well. I think I’m going to be _ _ c _ .
I had to wait for an hour in the doctor’s _ _ _ g _ _ _ .
Exercise 7.
• The following problems and pieces of advice have got all mixed up. Can you match them correctly?
1. I keep getting headaches. 2. I can’t get into my clothes 3. I can’t sleep at night. 4. my eyes are often sore and I sneeze a lot. 5. I’m going to Nepal on business. 6. I’ve got a bad stomach. 7. I feel much better now, doctor. 8. I’ve got a terrible cough. |
a. Good, you needn’t come back for a month. b. You really must stop smoking. c. Perhaps you should have an eye test. d. You ought to do more exercise – it’s very relaxing. e. You’ll have to have a few injections. f. You shouldn’t eat so much fried food. g. You really must lose some weight. h. You should have some allergy tests. |
Exercise 8. SPECIALISTS.
Where can you find these patients? Match the patients with the correct wards or departments.
Intensive Care Unit
Casualty and Emergency Department
Paediatric Ward
Maternity Unit
Orthopaedic Ward
Surgical Ward
Geriatric Ward
Ophthalmic Ward
Gynaecological Ward
Mary who has just had a baby
John who has broken his leg
My grandmother who is suffering from pneumonia complications
Peter who will have his appendix removed
Betty’s mother who is suffering from women’s disease
My mother who will be operated on for an eye cataract
Samuel who is unconscious
Paul who has just been in a car crash
Your son who has measles
Give the name of the persons defined below.
a
g
p
r
e
family doctors
s
omeone who looks after sick people in hospitals
i
ick person who has to stay in hospital -s
o
ick person who has to visit hospital regularly for treatment -s
o
omeone who operates on sick peoplep
a
erson badly injured in an accident, fire, warp
m
erson who helps at the birth of a babyp
p
erson who specializes in one area of medicine
Some of these words look so much alike that we often confuse them. See if you can get them straight. Here are some specialists with brief description of their specialties. Check the one correct title that fits the description in each case.
He treats children’s diseases.
a) He is an orthopaedist.
b) He is a paediatrician.
c) He is a pathologist.
He corrects deformities of the body
a) He is a gynaecologist.
b) He is an orthopaedist.
c) He is a pathologist.
He straightens crooked teeth
a) He is an orthodontist.
b) He is an orthopaedist.
c) He is a pathologist.
He is a medical doctor who specializes in diseases of the eye.
a) He is a oculist.
b) He is an optician.
c) He is an orthopaedist
He makes your eyeglasses.
a) He is a oculist.
b) He is an orthopaedist.
c) He is an optician.
He specializes in disorders of the mind.
a) He is an intern.
b) He is a psychiatrist.
c) He is a physiotherapist.
He treats diseases by electricity.
a) He is a pathologist.
b) He is a physiotherapist.
c) He is a psychologist.
His speciality is taking and interpreting X rays.
a) He is a gynaecologist.
b) He is a neurologist.
c) He is a radiologist.
He specializes in diseases of the nervous system.
a) He is a cardiologist.
b) He is a dermatologist.
c) He is a neurologist.
He treats diseases of old age.
a) He is a cardiologist.
b) He is a geriatrician.
c) He is a paediatrician.
He specializes in skin diseases.
a) He is a dermatologist.
b) He is a geriatrician.
c) He is a pathologist.
He treats women’s diseases.
a) He is a dermatologist.
b) He is a geriatrician.
c) He is a gynaecologist.
He brings children into the world.
a) He is a gynaecologist.
b) He is an obstetrician.
c) He is a paediatrician.
What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychoanalyst?
Which of the professionals would you consult in each of the following cases?
To operate on an eye cataract
To cure your son’s measles
To make your new glasses
To deliver a baby
To test your eyesight
To cure a rash on the skin
To treat a sick mind
To operate on your appendix
To examine the old-age complaints of your grandmother
To treat Peter’s deformed hip
To analyze your dreams
To treat the ailments of your wife
Exercise 9. SYMPTOMS.
Match the following symptoms of disease with their definitions.
belching
colic
constipation
cramp
diarrhoea
dizziness
faint
fatigue
fever
heartburn
hiccups
indigestion
inflammation
insomnia
itch
jaundice
nausea
neuralgia
pus
rash
difficult or infrequent emptying of the bowels
weariness from bodily or mental exertion
to become senseless and motionless
feeling as if everything were turning round
act of sending out gas from the stomach noisily through the mouth
a burning sensation in the stomach from indigestion
pain in a nerve
feeling of sickness as causes by bad food
yellowness of the skin and the whites of the eyes
inability to sleep
a sensation in the skin causing a desire to scratch
the soft yellowish substance formed in and coming out from a poisoned place in the body
patch of tiny red spots on the skin
severe pain in the stomach and bowels
too frequent and too watery emptying of the bowels
sudden and painful tightening of the muscles
condition of the body with temperature higher than usual
a spasm of the respiratory muscles
a redness and swelling attended with heat, pain
difficulty in digesting food
Match the symptoms with the explanation what caused them.
Why are you sneezing?
Why are you crying?
Why are you yawning?
Why are you coughing?
Why are you bleeding?
Why are you sweating?
Why are you shivering?
Why are you shaking?
Why are you vomiting?
I’m terrified by this story.
I’ve cut myself with a bread-knife.
I’m bored with this lecture.
Cigarette smoke irritates my throat.
You are hurting me.
I have a bad cold.
I’m very cold.
I must have eaten some bad food.
It’s too warm in here.
Exercise 10. CURIOSITY QUIZ FOR EAGERS
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ACROSS: 1. Stop a hole in a tooth with cement, etc. 3. Seize smth. with the teeth (also cause a sharp pain). 11. Fill a hole in a tooth with cement, etc. 13. Fibers connecting the brain with all other parts of the body and carrying feelings to the brain. 14. Let out the air suddenly through the nose and the mouth (usu. when having a cold). 18. An instrument for measuring temperature. 19. A kind of medicine having good effect on the body. 23. The middle joint of the leg where the leg bends. 25. A hollow in the lungs (кaвepна) 27. A person who practices medicine and treats people. 28. The drink made by pouring boiling water on dried leaves bearing the same name, often used as a tonic. 29. A coloured liquid used for writing a pen. 30. Take one’s clothes off. 31. Come into two or more parts; crack a bone, joint.
DOWN: 2. Breathing organs found in men and animals. 3. Take air into the body and send it out. 4. Exist. 5. The degree of heat or cold in the air, water, body, etc. 6. Be still, relax after work, efforts, etc. 7. Small spots (red or pink) close together on the skin (usu. a symptom of a disease). 8. Difficulty in digesting food. 9. Be aware through the senses. 10. a catching disease marked by fever and small spots that cover the whole body (common among children). 12. Give medical care to people in order to cure them. 15. A high temperature. 16. The red liquid in the body. 17. The regular beating of the arteries as the blood is forced along them. 20. An open sore on internal organ. 21. A special choice of blood ordered by a doctor. 22. Ill, unwell. 24. A person specially trained to look after sick people. 26. A short sleep. 27. Not clearly se