Vocabulary practice
Ex. 1. Make sure you understand and can explain the following terms and notions:
Emotional language, valid arguments, tactile experiences, browser, bandwagon, slanted writing, positive bias, inaccurate information, ad populum, fictional story.
Ex. 2. Translate the LAST test objectives (SUBAREA III: 14, 15; SUBAREA IV: 17-20) followed by focus statements that provide examples of the range, type, and level of content that may appear on the test (for a list of test objectives, see APPENDIX В).
Ex. 3. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate word.
1. The author’s … is the author’s attitude as reflected in the passage.
2. A … refers to persons, things, or events that exist now or existed at some time in the past.
3. O. Henry and Mark Twain were famous writers who penned … in the early 1900s.
4. The author’s primary … explains why the author wrote the passage.
5. The appearance of written … about 3500 в. с. separates prehistoric from historic times.
Ex. 4. Match the halves right.
1. Present an image of physical reality or a mental image. A. Narrate
2. Amuse, Perform B. Persuade
3. Clarify, Explain, State C. Entertain
4. Relate, Tell a story D. Describe
5. Argue, Convince, Prove E. Inform
Ex. 5. Supply the sentences with required words; if necessary change their grammatical forms.
poem short story fairy tale novel romance epic
1. … include the Odyssey and the Iliad, which were written by Homer and embrace Greek national themes, as well as the Scandinavian Beowulf.
2. Stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table are ….
3. The first … date from ancient Egypt.
4. A collection of age-old …, The Tales of Mother Goose, which was written by Jean Rousseau, was published in France about 1700.
5. Lyric … were called madrigals when sung by English balladeers.
Ex. 6. Supply the sentences with the missing words.
1. A statement or passage reveals … if the author has prejudged or has a predisposition to a doctrine, idea, or practice.
2. … can be proven true or false by some objective means or method.
3. When you analyze a literary passage, you should consider both the literal meaning of the passage and … it evokes.
4. A spoken description of your neighborhood or a written note describing how you felt when you graduated from high school are … .
5. … exposes the frailty of the human condition through wit, irony, mockery, sarcasm, or ridicule.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What topics should a comprehensive subject review include to help you prepare for the Literature items on the LAST?
2. What approaches should you apply to analyze and critique literature, to identify faulty logic in a literary passage?
3. Comment on the test objectives and focus statements of the Subarea III — Artistic Expression and the Humanities and Subarea IV — Communication Skills of the LAST.
4. What topics should a comprehensive subject review include to help you prepare for the Communication items on the LAST?
5. What approaches should you apply to analyze literary imagery?
6. Explain what knowledge and skills the teacher should have to communicate effectively, reason clearly, retrieve information from traditional and electronic sources, and evaluate competing ideas and arguments.
LITERATURE AND COMMUNICATION PRACTICE ITEMS
Literature items will help you practice the concepts in this review section. The items you encounter on the real LAST may have a different emphasis and may be more complete. See APPENDIX H.
WRITING PRACTICE
Write below the imagery you experience from the following passage:
The pilot swung the plane around in an attempt to make an emergency landing on the small field.
APPENDIX A