Agriculture
fungi (fungus) [fangai] - грибы
Irrigation - ирригация, орошение
pastoral herding - пастбище
rangeland - пастбище
subsistence agriculture - натуральное хозяйство
nursery plants - лекарственные травы
pet trade - торговля дом. животными
wheat - пшеница
barley - ячмень
yields - урожай
nomadic herding - кочевое пастбище
fallowland - невспаханная земля (под паром)
crop rotation - севооборот
green manure - зеленое удобрение
compost - удобрение
surplus - избыток
agriculture = farming = husbandary
sustainable agriculture
biofuel
fiber
to sustain human lives
key development in the rise of human civilization
Technich: to expand and mainain a land
drier-land techniques
large-scale lifestock
growing support for sustainable agriculture:
permaculture
= organic
to labour in agriculture
to raise plants for consumption
pesticides
fertilizers
ecological damage
selective breeding
animal husbandery
intensive farming
to increase the uotput of meat
to raise concerns over animal cruelty, growth hormones
THE MAJOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS:
- food
- fibers
- fuels
- raw materials
Biofuels
Biofarmaceuticals
Bioplastics
Farmaceutical
Fibers:
cotton
wool
hemp
Biofuels:
biomass
ethenol
biodesel
Cut flowers, nursery plants - ornamental products
fostering debate
1\3 of world-workers were employed in agriculture
greatest service employing people worldwide
agricultural product count for 5% of gross products
EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE systems
* Extensive farming
reffers to sheep and kettle farming and grain crops
extreme age and poverty of the soil
Normadic herding!
Advantages:
- small input/application of fertalizers, chemicals
- eco-friendly
- less output of labour
- more effective than Intensive farming
- local environment is protected
Disadvantage:
- low yields
- large lands requirements
Animal wellfare
animals are not kept in stifling conditions
* Intensive farming
Intensification
labour goes up untill it gets replaced by machines
machinery
energy input is great
dominant responce to the population growth
animals raised on limited pieces of lands
cramped conditions
polution!
mechanical plughing
chemical fertilizers
plant growth regulators
ADVANTAGES:
food becomes more affordable
reducing the risk of starvation
reduction of carbon dioxide produced by animals for heating
DISADVANTAGES
pollution
use of fertilizers can alter the biology of rivers and lakes
pesticides kill useful insects
large input of egergy
negative effect of human health and the environment
growth hormones and antibiotics for animals
quality decreases
ORGANIC FARMING
relies on crop rotation, green manure, pest control
excludes / strictly limits the use of fertilizers, plant growth regulators, nano-materials, GMO
the whole percentage is about 1%
PERMACULTURE
extensive agriculture
amount of food is low
aims:
- take care of the earth
- take care of people
- share the surplus
focus is on the relatiionships amonth the elements that are puts together
Hidroponics:
water, special chemicals to enhance the growth