I. Fill in the logic scheme with the points of the plan:

1. Definition of machine vision.

2. Structure of vision systems.

3. Making images.

4. Characteristics of vision systems.

5. Evaluation of images.

6. Programming methods in vision systems.

7. Purpose of machine vision systems.

8. Advantages of machine vision systems.

9. Application of machine vision.

II. Make up an array (matrix) of the text:

Definition of the machine vision
Structure of vision systems
Making images
Evaluation of images
Characteristics of machine vision systems
Programming methods
Purpose of vision systems
Advantages of vision systems
Application of vision

III. Using the matrix of the text speak on the points above- mentioned.

Analytical stage.

I. Do these exercises in Russian/ Ukrainian:

1. Explain the difference in operation between the early vision systems and modern commercial ones.

2. Describe how some vision systems evaluate images.

3. Define the advantages of vision systems over humans in quality control.

4. Explain why machine vision systems are vital element in factory automation.

5. Find out the relationship between:

a) analysts--- users--- experts;

b) observers--- vendors--- suppliers in the problem of machine vision applications.

II. Write a summary of the text (1: 10) in Ukr./Russian.

Homework: Read the text and do exercises.

Sensors

1. The sensor’s importance to the automated factory lies not in its precise definition but in its ability to obtain a reliable measurement of a parameter important in process control. Today, sensors exist for nearly any process parameter that would be encountered in an automated factory. They include, for example, sensors for absolute and differential pressure and temperature, linear and rotary position, speed and acce­leration, gas or liquid flow rate, color, texture, moisture con­tent, pH, chemical constituents, object presence or absence, weight or density, thermal or electrical characteristics.

2. Many of these sensors are incorporating fiber optic tech­nology, and new technologies for sensing are being deve­loped. Thermal imaging is a nondestructive way of sensing very small defects. So far, this technology is being used in the semiconductor industry but it is finding use in other indu­stries since it can be used to determine the thickness of lay­ers and the depth of alloy penetration as well as cracks.

3. Vision systems are sensing systems that are finding more application due to the robotics industry. Any automated factory is likely to depend on one or more vision systems to perform some activities in the manufacturing cycle.

4. Vision systems are generally composed of camera systems or photo-electric-type systems. They can range from simple presence sensing to complex intelligent systems that interact with and direct a process.

5. Among the more complex vision systems today is the intel­ligent system interacting with a robot to guide the robot in its action. Many of these systems use a camera that converts a scene to video data. Then, using a microprocessor, a feature analysis is done on files of «corner-point» encoded data.

6. Features extracted from the scene are compared with pro­grammed specifications. The system decides whether extra­cted features correspond with the specifications and calls for appropriate action based on the decision. There are some systems that perform this same type of process but, instead of using a camera, they use a fiber optic sensing device. This type of device uses triangulating, or structured light, and imaging principles to provide data on range rates and hole and edge locations in the field of view.

Exercise 1. Find the synonyms in the text to the following words:

1. accurate (1) 7. to direct (5)

2. harmless (2) 8. to turn (5)

3. join (2) 9. characteristics (6)

4. carry out (3) 10. to make one’s mind (6)

5. consist (4) 11. place, position (6).

6. to vary (4)

Exercise 2. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and word-combinations:

1. absolute and differential pressure

2. linear and rotary position

3. speed and acceleration

4. texture

5. moisture content

6. weight and density

7. photo-electric-type systems

8. fibre-optic sensing device.

Exercise 3. Translate the sentences:

1*. So far, this technology is being used in the semiconductor industry but it is finding use in other industries since it can be used to determine the thickness of layers and the depth of alloy penetration as well as cracks.

2. Any automated factory is likely to depend on one or more vision systems to perform some activities in the manufacturing cycle.

* Make the syntactical analysis of the sentence.

Exercise 4. Say if the statements are true or false:

1. The sensor’s importance to the automated factory lies in its precise definition.

2. Many of the sensors are incorporating new technologies for sensing.

3. Any automated factory depends on vision systems.

4. The most complex vision system is intelligent system.

5. The intelligent systems cannot use a fibre optic sensing device.

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences choosing the right variant:

1. Vision systems perform some activities in…

a). manufacturing cycle;

b). an automated factory;

c). robotics industry.

2. They (vision systems) can range from simple presence sensing to complex intelligent systems that…

a). convert a scene to video data;

b). interact and direct a process;

c). guide the robot in its action.

3. Thermal imaging is a nondestructive way of sensing…

a). absolute and differential pressure and temperature;

b). thermal characteristics;

c). small defects.

4. Vision systems are composed of…

a). photo-electric-type systems;

b). photo-electric type and camera systems;

c). camera systems.

5. Some systems that perform the same process of comparison, but instead of using a camera, they use…

a). structured light;

b). a fibre-optic sensing device;

c). a microprocessor.

Exercise 6. Fill in the scheme with the number of the passage in the text:

Exercise 7. Make up an array (matrix) of the text.

1.sensor’s importance in process control
2.classification of sensors
3.method of thermal Imaging
4.variations in structure of vision systems
5.principle of work (function) of intelligent vision systems.

Exercise 8. Answer the following questions:

1. What parameters do the sensors include?

2. What technology can be used to determine the thickness of layers, the depth of alloy penetration, in semiconductor industry?

3. Why does any automated factory depend on vision systems?

4. What is the function of the intelligent systems?

5. What are vision / intelligent systems composed of?

Exercise 9. Define the sensor’s importance to the automated factory.

Exercise 10. Describe the function of an intelligent system.

Exercise 11. Determine parameters sensors include.

Exercise 12. Explain why thermal imaging is finding use in other industries.

Exercise 13. Prove that the intelligent systems are more complex than vision ones.

Exercise 14. Write a summary of the text in Ukr. / Russian.

Notes:

1. layers – версти;

2. alloy penetration – взаємопроникнення матеріалів при сплаві;

3. interact – взаємодіяти;

4. scene – картинка;

5. extract – брати, добувати;

6. appropriate – відповідний;

7. decision – рішення;

8. triangular – трикутний;

9. imaging – зображення.

Список використаної літератури:

1. Лисиця Н.М. Самостійне читання з англійської мови. – Харків, „Основа”, 1992.