In the function of the adverbial modifier, participles are sometimes emphasized by “as it is” (for Participle I) or “as it does” (for Participle II).

 

Exercise 5.4. Translate into Russian.

 

1. 1.    The beams, passing as they do through a narrow slit, are diffracted.

2. 2.    Giving as they did so much information about the behavior of planets, these experiments can be hardly overestimated.

3. 3.    Certain reactions such as rapid oxidation, occurring as it does only at high temperatures, may take place at very low temperatures in the organism.

4. 4.    Dalton, believing as he did that gas pressures arise from mutual repulsions of the molecules, took his law to mean that a molecule was only repelled by like molecules.

5. 5.    The Galaxy's integrated brightness, representing as it does the flux of optimal radiation from the approximately 200 billion stars in the system, corresponds to an absolute magnitude of about —19,5.

6. 6.    The explanation given is by no means exhaustive, ignoring as it does the social factor.

 

 

6. Constructions with participles

 

Complex Subject

 

1. 1. Nominative With the Infinitive (always to-infinitive)

a) with verbs in active voice: seem, appear, happen, prove, turn out (to do smth.)

b) with adjectives: be likely / sure / certain (to do smth.)

c) with verbs in passive voice:

sense perception: be seen, noticed, heard, etc. (to do smth.)

mental activity: be thought, considered, known, supposed, expected, believed, etc. (to do / have done smth.)

restatement: be said, reported, announced, etc. (to do / have done smth.)

compulsion: be made, forced, caused, advised, etc. (to do smth.)

 

2. 2. Nominative with the Participle

a) with active participles: be seen, heard, found, left, caught, reported, etc.(doing smth.)

b) with passive participles: be seen, heard, found, considered, left, etc.(done)

c) with AS: be accepted, explained, understood, etc. AS (doing / done)

 

NB! was heard to shut (a completed action)

was heard shutting (a simultaneous process)

 

was left to study (purpose)

was left studying (when doing what)

 

3. 3. Other

be considered, named, elected, found, left (President, guilty, etc.)

 

Exercise 6.1. Find and analyze subjects.

 

1. 1.    From time to time they were seen dancing in some hot spot or other.

2. 2.    It was bound to happen one of these days.

3. 3.    She was appointed secretary to the head of the department.

4. 4.    She was left penniless after her father's death.

5. 5.    The car was found later slightly damaged.

6. 6.    The matter was considered closed.

7. 7.    The plan was generally believed to have been stolen.

8. 8.    The safe was supposed to have been left open by negligence.

9. 9.    They were heard discussing something in whisper on the landing.

10. 10. With so many people concerned at least some information was bound to leak out.

 

Exercise 6.2. Choose between the infinitive and the participle to use it as subjective predicative.

 

1. 1.    He has never been known . .. his temper at rehearsals. (to lose)

2. 2.    He was left . . . a couple of hours. (to sleep)

3. 3.    He was understood ... the new teacher. (to be)

4. 4.    Her brother was reported . . . alive in Europe. (to be)

5. 5.    His book was found . .. a fine piece of writing. (to be)

6. 6.    I don't see how anyone can be expected . .. a case like this. (to tackle)

7. 7.    I was made . . . at the gate. (to stand)

8. 8.    In your story he is shown . .. a lot for other people. (to do)

9. 9.    She may have found the note because she was seen . . . through the book. (to look)

10. 10. When the car was heard ... the people fled anywhere to avoid the police. (to approach)

 

Exercise 6.3. Translate using infinitives or participles as complex subjects.

 

1. 1.    “Я имел обыкновение украдкой уходить из дома вечером, - сказал он, - когда предполагалось, что я занимаюсь, и отправлялся в церковь играть на органе.” (to suppose)

2. 2.    Было известно, что он пишет книгу о нравах. (to know)

3. 3.    Девочке велели разлить в чашки чай. (to tell)

4. 4.    Ему посоветовали не рассказывать им историю своей жизни. (to advise)

5. 5.    На этот раз меня попросили зайти к нему домой. (to ask)

6. 6.    Полагают, что он глубоко привязан к своей семье. (to believe).

7. 7.    Слышали, как несколько минут тому назад они спорили на террасе. (to hear)

8. 8.    Слышали, как посетитель в разговоре с моим отцом упомянул какой-то несчастный случай. (to hear)

9. 9.    Сообщили, что он изменил свое решение. (to report)

10. 10. Через окно можно было видеть, что водитель ждет у машины. (to see)

 

Complex Object

 

1. Accusative with the Infinitive

bare infinitive: see, hear, feel, know (=see), watch, observe, etc. (smb.

do smth.)

let, make, have (=make), help (smb. do smth.)

TO-infinitive: know (=be aware), believe, consider, find ...

pronounce, declare, report ...

want, wish, desire, like, hate ...

order, allow, cause, get ... (smb. to do smth.)

 

2. Accusative with the Participle

participle I see, hear, feel, catch, find, imagine, leave, keep (smb.

doing smth.)

participle II consider, want, wish, desire (smth. done)

with AS accept, explain, speak of, think of, understand (smb. AS

doing / done)

have (get) smth. done

 

3. Accusative with the Predicative Elements (adj., nouns)

I find it impossible (to argue with him).

They elected him President.

 

4. Constructions with Gerunds and Infinitives

She didn’t mind my saying so. (direct object)

I’m waiting for you to tell me. (prepositional object)

 

Exercise 6.4. Find and analyze complex objects.

 

1. 1.    And then I thought I felt the dolphin stir against me. I felt the big muscles flex under his skin, a slow ripple of strength run along the powerful back.

2. 2.    Godfrey found them taking tea in a seaside cafe.

3. 3.    Have him see Clyde, if he can,

4. 4.    He had believed Fleur honest.

5. 5.    He saw a white flag flying from the window of John Barker's store.

6. 6.    He'd better wait for me to go.

7. 7.    I don't want it said that I can't manage my own children.

8. 8.    I heard my sister called a beauty.

9. 9.    I left them playing chess on the terrace.

10. 10. I remember your saying so at the time.

11. 11. I simply longed for somebody to notice me.

12. 12. No one had seen the mirror broken.

13. 13. Oh, my dear! Of course I did not mean for you to be taken so far out of your way and all for nothing.

14. 14. She was anxious for us to look our best.

15. 15. Some people consider her pretty.

16. 16. We left them making plans for a June wedding.

17. 17. We voted her the most likely to succeed this year.

 

Exercise 6.5. Choose between the infinitive and the participle to use it as objective predicative.

 

1. 1.    "Why do you always have him . . . around?" "He likes it." (to hang)

2. 2.    After supper Willy switched on the wireless and John left him . . . round the drawing-room to the sound of Mozart's piano concerto in Ñ minor. (to dance)

3. 3.    Although he was very tired he made himself . .. up and ... into the bedroom. (to stand, to move)

4. 4.    He ordered a bottle of beer and some cheese . . . up to his room. (to send)

5. 5.    I can imagine people not . .. him. (to like)

6. 6.    I don't like girls . .. . It takes away the fragrance of youth. (to smoke)

7. 7.    I heard Arthur... a slight noise which may have been a sigh or a chuckle. (to make)

8. 8.    My will was weakened. I wanted someone . .. on. (to lean)

9. 9.    There was a lot of noise all around now, and amongst it you could hear a plane ... unusually low. (to fly)

10. 10. We stood for a while watching a man . . . an Alsatian puppy. (to train)

 

Exercise 6.6. Translate the following into English using infinitives or participles.

 

1. 1.    Было легко представить себе сидящую молча Кэт. (to imagine)

2. 2.    Джон не мог заставить себя вернуться в Лондон. (to bring oneself)

3. 3.    Джон не хотел оказаться играющим роль учителя. (to find)

4. 4.    Когда я уходил, они разговаривали о политике. (to leave)

5. 5.    Мне известно, что он приезжал к ним несколько раз в этом году. (to know)

6. 6.    Он зажег себе сигару и постарался расслабиться, как вдруг он услышал, как открывается входная дверь. (to hear)

7. 7.    Он наблюдал, как люди торопились к поездам. (to watch)

8. 8.    Он нашел Фокса разговаривающим в кухне. (to find)

9. 9.    Он нашел, что братья были очень знающими деловыми людьми. (to find)

10. 10. Позже она услышала, как вверх по лестнице носили багаж. (to hear)

11. 11. Я оставил их, чтобы они все обговорили. (to leave)

12. 12. Я чувствовал, что пора позвать доктора.

 

Exercise 6.7. Transform complex subjects into complex objects.

 

1. 1.       The child was found playing in the garden.

2. 2.       The baby was named Tim.

3. 3.       The plan was generally believed to have been stolen.

4. 4.       She was left penniless after her father’s death.

5. 5.       They were heard discussing something in whisper.

6. 6.       The matter was considered closed.

7. 7.       The car was found later slightly damaged.

8. 8.       From time to time they were seen dancing in some hot spot or other.

9. 9.       She was appointed secretary to the department head.

10. 10.   He was made to do it on time.

 

Exercise 6.8. Transform complex objects into complex subjects.

 

1. 1.       We left them making plans for the wedding.

2. 2.       He saw a white flag flying from the window.

3. 3.       They nominated Harry the board director.

4. 4.       He found them taking tea in a seaside cafe.

5. 5.       I noticed the big muscles flexing under his skin.

6. 6.       We believed Fleur to be honest.

7. 7.       Some people consider her pretty.

8. 8.       They made us vote for a democrat.

9. 9.       We found it useful to attend the seminar.

10. 10.   They announced it desirable to participate on the task force.

 

Exercise 6.9. Find, analyze and translate constructions with participles.

 

1. 1.    "Have you ever seen it done?" "Yes," I said, "I had once seen it done."

2. 2.    "I suppose things rarely do change no matter how much we want them to." "I suppose it depends on the thing we want chang­ed."

3. 3.    "Now, Mary Jane," said Aunt Kate, "don't annoy Mr. D'Arcy. I won't have him annoyed."

4. 4.    Although they could not say it, my old friends wanted me gone so that I could take my proper place in the pattern of remembrance - and I wanted to go for the same reason.

5. 5.    As Alice was getting quite exhausted, they stopped, and she found herself sitting on the ground breathless and giddy.

6. 6.    As the gentleman advanced into the light, I saw that he was some years older than when he had had his picture painted.

7. 7.    There are some things I want to help get done.

8. 8.    These very important details were found missing from a later description of the manuscripts.

9. 9.    What freedom to negotiate can there be when all houses of the same type are having their rents increased?

10. 10. But Hallward had seen him. Dorian heard him first stopping on the pavement and then hurrying after him.

 

Exercise 6.10. Translate using Complex Subject.

 

1. 1.    Эксперимент оказался неудачным.

2. 2.    Около 11 часов мать случайно заглянула к ней в комнату.

3. 3.    Вчера мы случайно наткнулись на моего школьного приятеля.

4. 4.    Они, по-видимому, уже совершенно забыли его.

5. 5.    Он несомненно женится на ней.

6. 6.    Полагают, что эта рукопись написана в 15-м веке.

7. 7.    Этот скандал бесспорно вызовет панику на бирже.

8. 8.    Говорят, что золотистые волосы свидетельствуют о слабости характера.

9. 9.    Известно, что молодые люди без состояния часто находят богатых подружек.

10. 10. Он вряд ли окончит свою работу в этом году.

11. 11. Видно было, как всадник исчезал вдали.

12. 12. Его заставили встать, одеться и следовать за полицией, которая вряд ли собиралась быстро отпустить его.