1. 1. Nominative With the Infinitive

a) with active verbs: seem, appear, happen, prove, turn out

b) with adjectives: be likely / sure / certain

c) with passive verbs of

sense perception: be seen, noticed, heard, etc.

mental activity: be thought, considered, supposed, expected, believed, etc.

restatement: be said, reported, announced, etc.

compulsion: be made, forced, caused, etc.

 

2. 2. Nominative With the Participle

a) with active participles: be seen, heard, found, left, etc. doing sth.

b) with passive participles: be seen, heard, found, considered, left done

 

3. 3. Other

be considered, named, elected, found, left (President, guilty, etc.)

 

Exercise 2.6. Paraphrase using a complex subject.

 

1. 1.    It seemed that he didn’t notice that I was in outdoor clothes.

2. 2.    It seemed that she had sensed the purpose of his question.

3. 3.    It appeared that George was talking to Mr.Smiss persuasively.

4. 4.    It appeared that the man had not heard my words. It seemed he was in a daze.

5. 5.    It was likely that he had hidden my journal under his mattress.

6. 6.    It was unlikely that she would come across him by accident.

7. 7.    It is quite likely that a car with two boys has been noticed.

8. 8.    It is hardly likely that he will come and see us soon.

9. 9.    It was known that Jack had been good at painting.

10. 10. It will soon be reported that both space craft have landed successfully.

11. 11. They say he used to be the best teacher at our school.

12. 12. It happened that not everybody had taken the problem seriously.

 

Exercise 2.7. Transform complex objects into complex subjects.

 

1. 1.    She left him planting, digging and trimming.

2. 2.    They heard him lift the receiver and give the number.

3. 3.    He didn’t expect her to write often.

4. 4.    A voice on the stairs behind made us all start.

5. 5.    They found him guilty.

6. 6.    They heard his name called.

7. 7.    She saw his teeth gleaming in what must be a smile.

8. 8.    Simon shortly found her having coffee in the sitting-room.

9. 9.    They made her take piano classes.

10. 10. They forced him to forget about his personality.

11. 11. They noticed her cheeks blushing a little.

12. 12. They elected him President.

 

 

Exercise 2.8. Translate.

 

1. 1.      Эксперимент оказался неудачным.

2. 2.      Около 11 часов мать случайно заглянула к ней в комнату.

3. 3.      Вчера мы случайно наткнулись на моего школьного приятеля.

4. 4.      Они, по-видимому, уже совершенно забыли его.

5. 5.      Он несомненно женится на ней.

6. 6.      Полагают, что эта рукопись написана в 15-м веке.

7. 7.      Этот скандал бесспорно вызовет панику на бирже.

8. 8.      Говорят, что золотистые волосы свидетельствуют о слабости характера.

9. 9.      Известно, что молодые люди без состояния часто находят богатых подружек.

10. 10. Он вряд ли окончит свою работу в этом году.

11. 11. Видно было, как всадник исчезал вдали.

12. 12. Его заставили встать, одеться и следовать за полицией, которая вряд ли собиралась быстро отпустить его.

 

Exercise 2.9. Find and analyze subjects.

 

1. 1.    How funny it will seem if I fall right through the earth and come out among antipodes.

2. 2.    It was all dark overhead and in front of her there was a long passage.

3. 3.    There was nothing on the table except a tiny golden key.

4. 4.    Every day seemed to throw upon her young shoulders more of the family burden.

5. 5.    Five weeks later it was very hot and everybody took off all the clothes they had.

6. 6.    This is Whitehall. There used to be a palace here once. Now it is just a street.

7. 7.    The young people happened to meet the famous musician in the street.

8. 8.    A member of Parliament speaking in the House is not supposed to step beyond the carpet in front of the bench.

9. 9.    Strange as it may seem, the shouting “Who goes home?” is still heard in the house after a night debate.

10. 10. It was nice to be back in the sunshine.

11. 11. Office girls and businessmen could be seen taking tea side by side.

12. 12. I’ll be sure to do that.

13. 13. Pink is definitely not your color. Nobody over twenty should dream of wearing pink.

14. 14. Two is enough, Jane. And the ones with whipped cream are much too rich for my liver.

15. 15. Just talking about diets won’t help you lose weight.

16. 16. Your letter is unlikely to reach its destination in time if it’s not today that you are going to post it.

17. 17. The man’s staring so made me drop things and talk in an unnatural high voice.

18. 18. It was her husband that suspected that Mrs.Heng was likely to be in love with the young man.

19. 19. The lock was found broken.

20. 20. The worst is yet to come.