- •Grammar
- •Verbals Syntax
- •1. Verbals: Forms and Types
- •2. Participle
- •3. Participle: forms and functions
- •4. Participle: participial phrases
- •5. Participles in the language of science and documents
- •In the function of the adverbial modifier, participles are sometimes emphasized by “as it is” (for Participle I) or “as it does” (for Participle II).
- •6. Constructions with participles
- •1. Nominative With the Infinitive (always to-infinitive)
- •2. Nominative with the Participle
- •3. Other
- •7. Constructions with participles (Cont’d)
- •1. Absolute participial constructions:
- •2. Absolute non-participial constructions (being is missing):
- •In absolute constructions.
- •8. Participles: review
- •9. Infinitive: Functions, Bare Infinitive
- •10. Infinitive: Constructions and phrases
- •It is hard / easy / good / bad / impossible / not for smb. To do smth.
- •11. Infinitive: Infinitive or -ing-form?
- •12. Gerund: Forms and Functions
- •Verbal features:
- •13. Gerund and infinitive after verbs
- •15. Gerund: review
- •16. Gerund: review
- •1. Syntax. Simple sentence. Subject.
- •2. Subject (Cont’d).
- •1. Notional “It”:
- •2. Formal “It”
- •1. Nominative With the Infinitive
- •2. Nominative With the Participle
- •3. Other
- •3. Principal parts of the sentence. Predicate
- •1. Simple
- •2. Compound
- •If the idea is “He performed the action in silence”, then “He did it silently.”
- •4. Compound predicate (Cont’d)
- •5. Subject-predicate agreement
- •6. Object
- •It shows the person to whom or for whom the action is done.
- •I bought my girlfriend a nice present. À I bought it for her yesterday.
- •7. Object (Cont’d)
- •I find it impossible (to argue with him).
- •I’m waiting for you to tell me. (prepositional object)
- •8. Object (Cont’d)
- •I allow you to go.
- •9. Attribute
- •10. Attribute (Cont’d)
- •11. Simple sentence (final remarks)
- •In no time we were at 2,800 feet.
15. Gerund: review
15.1. Supply the appropriate form of the verb in brackets.
1. The child deserves (praise).
2. He had a feeling of (rob).
3. Do you insist on (allow) to leave?
4. The museum is world-famous and certainly worth (visit).
5. He didn’t like the idea of (hunt) like a wolf.
6. My blouse wants (iron), it’s all wrinkled.
7. You must excuse my (not, answer) you before.
8. Though the fur still looks quite decent, the coat needs (alter).
9. You are really guilty of (help) her to escape.
10. The dust behind the furniture requires (get) rid of.
11. He was ashamed of (show) even the slightest irritation.
12. His books want (dust).
13. She couldn’t help being mad at (deceive) so unfairly.
14. Your washing-machine requires (repair).
15. They were not worth (save).
16. He doesn’t like (read) aloud to.
17. I remember (hear) the legend before.
18. This plan needs (go) into more carefully.
19. The slums want (attend) to, no doubt.
15.2. Choose between the infinitive and the gerund.
1. He was considering (take) the bedside table downstairs.
2. He volunteered (serve) in the army.
3. Did you remember (give) Jake my message?
4. The weather will get better soon. We can leave as soon as it quits (rain).
5. I regret (inform) you that your loan application has not been approved.
6. A study of the egg and bacon made him postpone (eat) his morning meal.
7. I used to like (watch) Stanley play the piano.
8. I didn’t mean (make) so much trouble.
9. You shouldn’t put off (pay) your bills.
10. How do you expect me to finish my story if you don’t finish (interrupt) me all the time?
11. No one has any influence over him when it comes to (make) a decision.
12. For a moment he imagined (dash) downstairs and (run) after her.
13. Our hostess was accustomed to never (ask) wives about their husbands.
14. She will definitely regret (not, listen) to her father’s advice.
15. I can’t stand some of her habits. She never remembers (lock) the door, for instance.
16. I can’t delay (tell) him about it. It’s really urgent.
17. I couldn’t help (regard) her remark as a compliment.
18. Don’t complain about it. It’s no use (cry) after the deal is clinched.
19. I’ll never forget (see) the Alps for the first time.
20. I prefer (write) with the pen rather than (use) the typewriter. I tried (dictate) to my secretary, then I tried (tape) my stories. But now I’m starting (realize) there’s nothing better than old habits.
15.3. Correct mistakes.
1. It’s not worth to apologize if you are not guilty.
2. What will you do if you discover that the owners of your company are guilty of cheating the government out of several thousands dollars a year?
3. There’s no excuse for his doing such a thing. I can’t recall anybody else to have forgotten about his wife’s birthday.
4. They were accused of discriminating against blacks and Hispanics, though they themselves never acknowledged to have been treating minority groups unfairly.
5. People who become aware of illegal practices are in a difficult position, they are often disappointed by having no opportunity to improve the situation.
6. I don’t see any reason in personally telling them the news, though I know a person bringing good news is always welcome.
7. I dislike to tell my employees beforehand when they will have to be fired.
8. Before signing of the contract he intended to receive the approval of the chairman.
9. Recently, business firms have begun to act more responsibly in hiring and promoting handicapped who are incapable of succeeding without some assistance.
10. Does the law of your country allow to pay bribes to secure contracts?
11. If you are seriously concerned about the moral standards of your employees and want to forbid to violate ethical norms, you must take concrete actions.
12. Whether employees behave ethically and object to be involved in any immoral activities depends largely on the actions and attitudes of top management.
13. There’s a high probability of Judy’s being sent to New York, in case she won’t mind doing this, of course.
14. He was rather slow at making a decision about the fate of this unexpected money. First, he considered to make a donation to an asylum located in his neighborhood, but then, he decided on writing a check to his alma mater.
15. The loss resulted from the ship being prevented to load a full cargo.
16. Most people believe that companies are responsible for paying salaries and benefits appropriate to the work performed, as well as to the skill, knowledge and experience of managing a team.
17. She wrote the order without my knowing it and without giving me an opportunity to look through the catalog and to study the prices before she would order anything.
18. Many businesses need being regulated and monitored in order to keep matters from getting chaotic and out of hand.
19. A company may benefit directly and indirectly if it decides to take socially responsible actions and if it avoids to undermine its social reputation.
20. After passing the Panama Canal the captain found that he didn’t have enough coal left to enable him to reach the port of destination and he risked to alter his course.
21. When Joe asked for being given a raise, his boss praised his work but said the company’s rigid budget won’t allow any raises for the time being.
15.4. Supply prepositions if necessary.
1. Now he regretted ... having come.
2. She denied ... having been at the station that evening.
3. She became conscious ... being gazed upon.
4. She spoke ... my room being ready for me.
5. ... seeing Bella, he stopped and approached her.
6. Don’t miss the opportunity ... hearing this pianist.
7. Miss Crawly was greatly displeased ... Rawdon’s having married Becky.
8. Her thoughts were interrupted ... the door opening slightly.
9. They accuse me ... having dealt with the Germans.
10. And ... waiting for her answer he turned and left us.
11. I wonder ... his allowing this engagement.
12. Excuse ... my leaving you in the dark for a moment.
13. He was indignant ... his son’s having disobeyed him.
14. I insist ... being treated with a certain consideration.
15. He felt no uneasiness now in the thought ... the brother and sister being alone together.
16. Did you ever hear ... anybody rejecting such an offer?
17. They went ... talking and drinking.
18. Forgive ... my speaking plainly.
19. He had to give up the idea ... trying to buy the toys.
20. Is there any objection ... my seeing him?
15.5. Translate using gerunds where possible. Pay attention to the prepositions:
insist |
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be concerned |
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remember |
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be ashamed |
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blame |
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compromise |
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suspect |
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prevent |
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interfere |
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result |
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remember |
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account |
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resent |
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regret |
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deny |
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try |
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be disappointed |
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regret |
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disapprove |
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proud |
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good |
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capable |
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try |
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worth |
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need |
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persist |
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conscious |
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accuse |
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be unaware |
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angry |
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