Diagnosis

For these reasons, the simplest and most effective way to know whether one has bad breath is to ask a trusted adult family member or very close friend ("confidant"). If the confidant confirms that there is a breath problem, he or she can help determine whether it is coming from the mouth or the nose, and whether a particular treatment is effective or not.

One popular home method to determine the presence of bad breath is to lick the back of the wrist, let the saliva dry for a minute or two, and smell the result. A better way would be to lightly scrape the posterior back of the tongue with a plastic disposable spoon and to smell the drying residue.

If bad breath is persistent, and all other medical and dental factors have been ruled out, specialized testing and treatment is required.

POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS:

Exercise 6. Insert prepositions: TEXT: Home care and treatment of halitosis.

Currently, chronic halitosis is not very well understood … most physicians and dentists, so effective treatment is not always easy to find. Six strategies may be suggested:

1. Gently cleaning the tongue surface twice daily is the most effective way to keep bad breath in control; that can be achieved using a tongue cleaner or tongue brush/scraper to wipe … the bacterial biofilm, debris and mucus. An inverted teaspoon may also do the job; a toothbrush should be avoided, as the bristles only spread the bacteria … the mouth.

2. Eating a healthy breakfast … rough foods helps clean the very back … the tongue.

3. Chewing gum: chewing sugarless gum can help with the production of saliva, which washes … oral bacteria, has antibacterial properties and promotes mechanical activity which helps cleanse the mouth and thereby help to reduce bad breath. Chewing may help particularly when the mouth is dry, or when one cannot perform oral hygiene procedures after meals. Some chewing gums contain special anti-odor sinus infections.

4. Gargling right before bedtime with an effective mouthwash which often contains antibacterial agents.

5. Maintaining proper oral hygiene, including daily tongue cleaning, brushing, flossing, and periodic visits to dentists and hygienists. Flossing is particularly important … removing rotting food debris and bacterial plaque … between the teeth, especially … the gum line. Dentures should be properly cleaned and soaked overnight … antibacterial solution.

6. Maintain water levels in the body … drinking several glasses … water a day.

Exercise 7. Match the following terms with the definitions:

1.protein 2.belching 3.water 4.floss 5.Halitosis 6.obesity 7.tongue 8.saliva

the state or condition of having bad breath. to expel wind from the stomach noisily through the mouth; the secretion of salivary glands, consisting of a clear usually slightly acid aqueous fluid of variable composition. It moistens the oral cavity, prepares food for swallowing, and initiates the process of digestion. any similar fine silky material, such as the hair like styles and stigmas of maize or the fibers prepared from silkworm cocoons. the condition in which excess fat has accumulated in the body, mostly in the subcutaneous tissues. a movable mass of muscular tissue attached to the floor; a clear colorless tasteless odorless liquid that is essential for plant and animal life and constitutes, in impure form, rain, oceans, rivers, lakes, etc. It is a neutral substance, an effective solvent for many compounds, and is used as a standard for many physical properties. Formula: H2O; any of a large group of nitrogenous compounds of high molecular weight that are essential constituents of all living organisms. They consist of one or more chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds and are folded into a specific three-dimensional shape maintained by further chemical bonding.

Exercise 7. Find the equivalents to the following word combinations and make up the sentences of your own:

Підтримувати рівень води в організмі; накопичуватися в організмі; гігієна ротовою порожнини; неприємний запах з роту; почуття власної гідності; мертві епітеліальні клітини; дорослий член сім’ї, якому ти довіряєш; розчин, який діє всю ніч; видаляти залишки їжі з-поміж зубів за допомогою нитки; приймочки кукурудзи; виділення слинних залоз, видихати та вдихати повітря

Exercise 8. Translate the words in the brackets in English:

1. Halitosis, oral malodor, breath odor, mouth odorur, foul breath or most commonly bad breath are terms used to describe noticeably (неприємний запах) exhaled in breathing.

2. In most cases (85–90%), bad breath (починається у роті) itself.

3. The intensity of bad breath differs during the day, (внаслідок поїдання певної їжі) such as (часник, цибуля, м’ясо, риба та сир).

4. Because the mouth is exposed to less oxygen and is inactive (вночі), the odor is usually (погіршується при пробудженні) ("morning breath").

5. It can negatively affect the individual's personal, social, and business relationships, leading to (зниження самоповаги та підвищеного стресу).

6. Although the causes of breath odor are not entirely understood, (найбільш неприємний запах) are known to arise from (протеїнів, які підлягають дії бактерій у роті).

7. The most common location for (галітозу, пов’язаного з ротовою порожниною is the (язик).

8. (Іншим головним джерелом поганого подиху) is the (ніс).

9. (Шлунок) is considered by most researchers as a very (рідкісним джерелом) of bad breath (за винятком при відрижці) .

10. (Чищення зубів за допомогою шовкової нитки) is particularly important in removing (гнилих залишків їжі та бактеріального нальоту) from between the teeth, especially at the gum line.