Part II

PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 7. Practice the pronunciation.

odontogenic [əυdəntəυ 'dʒenik]

lining ['lainiŋ]

enormous [i'no:məs]

epithelial [`epi'θi:liəl]

unifocal [jυni'fəυkl]

Exercise 8. Topic vocabulary.

dentigerous cyst зубна кіста

impacted teeth ретеніровані зуби

surgical resection хірургічне видалення

mandibular body тіло нижньої щелепи

cortical expansion кортіковe збільшення в обсязі; розвиток; зростання

hamartomatous proliferation гамартомне розростання (клітин) (стосується порушення росту тканини, при якому клітини певного ділянки переважають над клітинами навколишнього зони

enucleation with curettage енуклеація з вишкрібанням

Exercise 9. Read the text closely and make up questions to it

EPITHELIAL MALIGNANT DENTAL TUMORS

Ameloblastoma – is the most common odontogenic tumor. It usually occurs in the 4th and 5th decades without a gender predilection. It may arise from the lining of a dentigerous cyst but more often arises independently of impacted teeth. It is characterized by a progressive growth rate and, when untreated, may reach enormous proportions. Early symptoms are often absent, but late symptoms may include a painless swelling, loose teeth, malocclusion, or nasal obstruction. Treatment is with radical surgical resection.

Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor – (the Pindorg tumor), this is an aggressive odontogenic neoplasm of epithelial derivation. Most cases are associated with an impacted tooth, and the mandibular body or ramus is by far the most common site. The chief sign is cortical expansion. Pain is usually not a complaint. The treatment methods required to root out the disease.

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor – usually associated with the crown of an impacted anterior tooth, this tumor may arise between tooth roots as well. Painless expansion is often the chief complaint. The maxillary incisor-cuspids are common sites. Treatment is with simple surgical enucleation and recurrence is rare.

Squamous Odontogenic Tumor – is a hamartomatous proliferation of odontogenic epithelium. The maxillary incisor-canine area and mandibular molar area are most commonly involved. Most cases are unifocal and tooth mobility is the usual chief complaint. Treatment is with extraction of the involved tooth and thorough curettage of the lesional tissue.

Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (Gorlin cyst) – is a tumor-like cyst found in the mandibular premolar region. Intrabony lesions may cause expansion, and teeth remain vital. Enucleation with curettage is the treatment of choice with rare recurrences.

POST-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 10. Choose the proper continuation of the following sentences.

1. Ameloblastoma usually occurs in … .

2. Treatment of Ameloblastoma is … .

3. Most cases of the Pindorg tumor are associated with … .

4. The treatment methods of Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor required to …

5. Painless expansion on Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor is … .

6. The maxillary incisor-cuspids are … .

7. The maxillary incisor-canine area and mandibular molar area are … .

8. Treatment of Squamous Odontogenic Tumor is with … .

9. A tumor-like cyst found in … .

10. Intrabony lesions may cause … .

Exercise 11. Explain the following terms in English

1. Ramus b) Enucleation c) Hamartomatous

Exercise 12. Render the text using key words

Odontogenic tumor, a progressive growth, late symptoms, treatment, aggressive odontogenic neoplasm, cases, chief sign, treatment methods, between tooth roots, chief complaint, surgical enucleation, hamartomatous proliferation, involved, unifocal, extraction, tumor-like cyst, intrabony lesions, enucleation.

TEST

1. The most common odontogenic tumor

a) pindorg tumor b) ameloblastoma c) fibroma d) myxoma e) osteoma

2. Ameloblastoma usually occurs in the … decades without a gender predilection.

a) 1^st and 2^nd b) 2^nd and 3^rd c) 3^rd and 4^th d) 4^th and 5^th e) 5^th and 6^th

3. Ameloblastoma is characterized by a … and, when untreated, may reach enormous proportions

a) slow growth rate b) quickly growth rate c) moderate growth rate

d) progressive growth rate e) negative growth rate

4. The chief sign of Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor is …

1. cortical expansion b) cortical reduction c) apical expansion

d) apical reduction e) internal expansion

5. The treatment methods of the Pindorg tumor required to …

1. death b) root out the disease c) surgical intervention

d) medication e) rinsing

6. Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor – usually associated with the … crown of an impacted anterior tooth, this tumor may arise between tooth roots as well

1. pulp b) palate c) crown d) gum e) teeth

7. Treatment of Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor is with …

1. excisional biopsy b) exacerbation c)conservative surgical approach

d) drug treating e) surgical enucleation and recurrence

8. Squamous Odontogenic Tumor – is …

1. an aggressive odontogenic neoplasm of epithelial derivation

2. a hamartomatous proliferation of odontogenic epithelium

3. the most common odontogenic tumor

4. is a tumor-like cyst found in the mandibular premolar region

5. associated with the crown of an impacted anterior tooth, this tumor may arise between tooth roots as well

9. Intrabony lesions in Gorlin cyst may cause …

1. pulp death b) gingivitis c) caries

d) expansion, and teeth remain vital e) falling out of the teeth

10. Epithelial malignant tumours are …

1. Cementoma, Papilloma, Fibroma, Myxoma, Osteoma

2. Ameloblastoma, the Pindorg tumor, Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor, Squamous Odontogenic Tumor, Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst

3. Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor, Gorlin cyst, Papilloma, Fibroma

4. Myxoma, Osteoma, the Pindorg tumor, Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor

5. Gorlin cyst, Papilloma, Ameloblastoma, the Pindorg tumor, Cementoma

Exercise 13. Read the text and read out the main manifestations of odontogenic cysts

ODONTOGENIC CYSTS

All true odontogenic cysts are characterized by epithelium lining a collagenous cyst wall. Cysts can be divided into inflammatory and developmental categories.

Inflammatory Cysts

Radicular (periapical) Cyst – is the most common odontogenic cyst (65%) and is thought to arise from the epithelial cell rests of Malassez in response to inflammation. The cyst is painless when sterile and painful when infected. Treatment is extraction of the affected tooth and its periapical soft tissue or root canal if the tooth can be preserved.

Paradental Cyst – forming most often along the distal or buccal root surface of partially impacted mandibular third molars, this cyst is the result of inflammation of the gingiva overlying a partly erupted third molar. Treatment is by enucleation.

Developmental Cysts

Dentigerous (follicular) Cyst – is originate via the accumulation of fluid between reduced enamel epithelium and a completed tooth crown. It is usually found in the mandibular third molars, maxillary canines, and maxillary third molars. Treatment is with enucleation or decompression followed by enucleation if large.

Developmental Lateral Periodontal Cyst – may arise from epithelial rests in the periodontal ligament or may represent a primordial cyst originating from a supernumerary tooth bud. The treatment is surgical enucleation or curettage with preservation of adjoining teeth.

Nonodontogenic cysts

Incisive Canal Cyst – is a developmental nonodontogenic cyst derived from embryonic epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct or incisive canal. It is a well-delineated oval or heart-shaped radiolucency located between and apical to the two maxillary central incisors in the midline. Palatal swelling is common and the incisors will show evidence of root resorption. Treatment may consist of surgical enucleation or periodic radiographic follow-up. Progressive enlargement warrants surgical intervention.

Traumatic Bone Cyst – is not a true epithelial cyst, but represents an empty or fluid-filled cavity of bone lined with a fibrous or granulation tissue membrane. Treatment with exploratory surgery following aspiration causes hemorrhage which may expedite healing.

Exercise 14. Express in one word

1. It is not a true epithelial cyst, but represents an empty or fluid-filled cavity of bone lined with a fibrous or granulation tissue membrane.

2. It is a developmental nonodontogenic cyst derived from embryonic epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct or incisive canal.

3. It forming most often along the distal or buccal root surface of partially impacted mandibular third molars, this cyst is the result of inflammation of the gingiva overlying a partly erupted third molar.

4. It may arise from epithelial rests in the periodontal ligament or may represent a primordial cyst originating from a supernumerary tooth bud.

5. It is originate via the accumulation of fluid between reduced enamel epithelium and a completed tooth crown.

6. The most common odontogenic cyst (65%) and is thought to arise from the epithelial cell rests of Malassez in response to inflammation.