Post-text assignments

Exercise 5.Look through the text and answer the questions:

Why isn't it possible to use conservative treatment of an exposed vital pulp in children?

What procedure is used instead?

What allows healing to occur?

Why must the entire pulp be removed in fully grown teeth?

From what part is pulp tissue removed?

With what is the amputated pulp stump at the entrance to the root where necessary?

7. Is the pulp completely sealed off again?

8.What is apicectomy?

9.Why is it the final alternative to extraction?

Exercise 6.Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations:

оголена жива пульпа; інфікована частина пульпи; природне завершення; на вході у кореневий канал; образовати слой нового дентину; повністю запечатаний; інфікований апекс; альтернатива видаленню; важкопрохідний канал; робити розріз; зіскоблювати; ретроградне пломбування каналу; зняти шви; процес заживлення

Exercise 7. Make up sentences with the following words and word combinations:

in children; instead; survive; sterile technique; amputated; completely sealed off; surrounding alveolar abscess; incision; to be cut off; a bit more filling: to be sutured back; to be observed

Exercise 8. Complete the sentences according to the text.

1. An incision is made in the gum and …

2. The apex is cut off and ...

3. Debris is removed by syringing with sterile saline and ...

4. Sutures are removed in a few days later and ...

5. The procedure in pulpotomy is similar to ....

6. Оnly the infected part of the pulp in the pulp chamber is removed -a procedure known as..

Exercise 9. Make up sentences, using the following words:

1. Filling, is, treatment, root, conservative, vital, of, exposed, an, pulp.

2. Apicectomy, to save, is, purpose, the, of, tooth, the.

3. Are, sutures, a, removed, few, in, days.

4. Place, the, flap, is, into, sutured, gum, back

Exercise 10. Translate into English.

1. У дітей ріст корня може бути не завершеним, тому пломбування кореневих каналів неможливо.

2. Якщо виділяється тільки інфікована частина пульпи, то пульпа залишається живою та її ріст продовжується.

3. Кореневий канал покривається гідроксидом кальція, що дозволяє пульпі цього кореневого каналу образовувати слої нового дентину.

4. Пульпа повністю закупорюється, як це було до її оголення.

5. Ціль апексектомії – врятувати зуб у тих випадкаїх, коли пломбування каналів неможливо.

Exercise 11. Give a summary of the text.

TEST

1. … is the term used for all forms of root canal therapy.

a) prosthesis b) orthodontics c) odontotherapy d) endodontotherapy e) endodontics

2. Pulpitis always leads to pulp … .

a) decay b) decease c) death d) disease e) pathology

3. This removes the source of … which causes alveolar abscess.

a) inflammation b) disease c) pathology d) fret e) irritation

4. The root-filled tooth will then function just as well as one with a … pulp.

a) normal b) abnormal c) standard d) simple e) healthy

5. Impact injuries are noticed to be common in children with …. front teeth.

a) protruding b) prominent c) projected d) advanced e) jutted out

6. These tests depend on the painful … of the pulp to certain stimuli.

a) reaction b) response c) reply d) feeling e) answer

7. Cavity preparation without local anesthesia is painful when the pulp is … .

a) dead b) alive c) damaged d) vital e) injured

8.In adults, …. treatment of an exposed vital pulp is by root filling.

a) conservative b) reactionary c) surgical d) traditional e) conventional

9. The procedure in … is similar to root filling insofar as a sterile technique is necessary.

a) pulpolysis b)pulpoectomy c) pulpotomy d) pulpodesis e) pulpoplastics

9. An incision is made in the … and a flap raised off the bone with a periosteal elevator.

a) gingival margin b) gum c) gingival crevice d) gingival fistula e) palate

9. Using a straight handpiece and burs, a … is cut in the overlying bone to expose the infected apex.

a) opening b) window c) space d) foramen e) aperture

9. The apex is … … and infected tissue surrounding it is scraped away with a curette, which resembles a large excavator.

a) cut out b) extracted c) cut off d) incised e) cut away

9. The cut end of the root is then examined to see if the remaining root filling is …. .

a) sufficient b) enough c) full d) deficient e) completed

9. Cement or amalgam is used and the procedure is known as … root filling.

a) recede b) reactionary c) retire d) backward e) retrograde

9. … is removed by syringing with sterile saline and the gum flap is sutured back into place.

a) remnants b) fragments c) waste d) debris e) loose material

9. Sutures are removed a few days later and an X-ray is taken for … purposes.

a) writing b) record c) investigation d) special e) note

9. The pulp chamber is opened and the pulp… is removed from the pulp chamber only.

a) duct b) tela c) tissue d) fiber e) nucleus pulposus

9. The amputated pulp … at the entrance to the root canal is then covered with a calcium hydroxide dressing.

a) stump b) stub c) part d) bole e) stoop

ORTHODONTICS - (ОРТОДОНТІЯ)

PART I

PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation:

protruding [prə'tru:diŋ]

insufficient [ֽinsə'fi∫(ə)nt]

crook [kruk]

inheritance [in'heritəəns]

deciduous [disi'djuəs]

irregularity [i,regju'læriti]

required [ri'kwaiəd]

successor [s(ə)k'sesə]

incisor [in'saizə]

Exercise 2. Learn the following words:

correction корекція

room місце

protruding випираючий вперед, що стирчить

irregularity нерівність

accommodate пристосовуватися

crook розвернути

impacted щільно стислий

gap проміжок

obtain досягати, отримувати

drift зсув, зміщення

posture виступати

eliminate усувати

crowding скупченість

inheritance спадковість

Exercise 3. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:

insufficient room; irregularities of teeth; inheritance of jaw; displaced; permanent successor; to protrude; overlapping; to prevent caries; orthodontic treatment; jaw relationship.

Exercise 4. Read and translate the text: