II мовна практика

Підготуйте реферат на тему: “Slaughtering and processing of meat ”

III Робота з текстом фахової тематики

I. 1)Прочитайте та перекладіть письмово поданий нижче текст.

Planning Balanced Meals

A meal can be defined as the amount of food eaten at one period of time, and which provides 200 kilocalories or more. This definition covers much more than the popular meaning of the word, which is that of hot, cooked food eaten while sitting down. People may eat from two to six or more such meals a day. The arrangement of a meal can be deter-mined by custom, life style and by working conditions.

Although the amounts of nutrients in different meals may be different, the total intake of each nutrient should meet an individual's needs. And if the food eaten is to be absolutely adequate for health, an individual's needs in total nutrient intake should be covered every day and over a period of a week.

It is evident that the number of meals taken in a day (and the amount of food eaten at one time) influences the amount of nutrients utilized by the body.

People who eat sweets or chocolates between meals or eat a large number of snacks will have a reduced appe­tite for vegetables, cereals or meat at the next main meal-. This is bad practice. Firstly, the intake of nutrient from the main meal will be reduced, and, secondly, excessive con­sumption of sweets can result in severe dental decay. Also it can result in an increase in weight if the total daily energy intake, exceeds the energy used up.

It is important not only that аll the essential nutrients should be present in a diet, -but that they should be present in the amounts required by different people. To find out whether a particular diet is nutritionally adequate, three things must be known:

1. What foods are eaten?

2. How much of each food was eaten?

3. What kind of person ate the foods? Were they men, women, adolescents or children, etc?

When the answers to these questions are known, daily nutrient intakes can be compared with the amounts recom­mended for health. People who do heavy work need more food than those of mental work. The elderly people must not eat so much as the young. Those who are active should not eat more than sedentary.

The provision of palatable and acceptable meals must be first consideration. A balanced meal is one which provi­des adequate amounts of protein and of all the minerals and vitamins as well as energy It should also provide dietary fibre, and should be limited in fat, sugar and salt contents. These are to be supplied from other sources during the day. At least one balanced meal should be eaten every day

Most foods contain a wide variety of common foods. Thus the simplest way to meet nutritional standards is to eat a varied diet containing a wide selection of different types of food. Traditional meals are generally nutritionally satisfactory, but nevertheless certain general rules should be followed. These are:

1. Each main meal should contain a lot of fruit and ve­getables. They are good sources of some vitamins and mine­rals, which we cannot find in other foods-

2. Each meal should contain foods rich in protein, such as meat, poultry, fish, cheese, eggs, milk, bread, nuts, peas or beans.

3. Foods rich in energy should be eaten only in amounts which will satisfy appetite and maintain correct body weight. Such foods include foods rich in sugar and fat.

2) Випишіть з тексту всі фахові терміни, вкажіть їх українські еквіваленти та

запам’ятайте.

3) Напишіть анотацію до тексту.

II. Match the left and the right sides of one sentence.

Most of the slaughterhouses equipment … At the beginning of 1990s, there were … These plants were a combination of … Because of the enormous distances, it was … A large share of the slaughtered animals … Payments delays have forced farmers… Most of the never-frozen fresh meat…

… slaughterhouse for both cattle and pigs and further processing of meat products. … are either processed or frozen. … to setting up their own small slaughtering facilities. … some 1.000 slaughterhouses all over the CIS. … is produced indeed by small private producers. … is outdated and maintenance is often neglected. … far easier to build several small slaughterhouses all over the region.

IV ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНЕ ЧИТАННЯ (обсяг – 20 тис. друкованих знаків газетного тексту)

1) Прочитайте та перекладіть статтю (статті).

2) Випишіть та запам’ятайте 20 ключових слів.

3) Підготуйте усний переказ прочитаного.