- •Lesson 1 types of proprietorship Text
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Lesson 2 partnerships
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Lesson 3 corporations
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Lesson 4 the functions of an executive Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Additional Exercise
- •Lesson 5
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Exercises.
- •Grammar Exercises Exercise
- •1. Transfer the sentences from Active into Passive.
- •Lesson 6 accounting
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Lesson 7 corporate finance
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Lesson 8 Banks and business
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Lesson 9 product development and planning
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Lesson 10 marketing
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Lesson 11 wholesaling
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Lesson 12 retailing
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Indirect methods of distribution
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Lesson 13 pricing
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Grammar Exercises
- •Lesson 14 computers
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Grammar Exercise.
- •Lesson 15
- •International business
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Comprehension Questions
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •Dialogue
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Practice
Lesson 6 accounting
Text
Accounting shows a financial picture of the firm. An accounting department records and measures the activity of a business. It reports on the effects of the transactions on the firms financial condition. Accounting records give very important data. It is used by management, stockholders, creditors, independent analysts, banks and government.
Most businesses prepare regularly the two types of records. That is the income statement and balance sheet. These statements show how money was received and spent by the company.
One major tool for the analysis of accounting records is ratio analysis. A ratio analysis is the relationship of two figures. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. Оne ratio deals with profitability, for example, the Return on Investment Ratio. It is used as a measure of a firms operating efficiency.
The second set of ratios deals with assets and liabilities. It helps a company to evaluate its current financial position. The third set of ratios deals with the overall financial structure of the company. It analyses the value of the ownership of the firm.
Active Vocabulary
accounting |
бухгалтерський облік |
record |
документ, нотатка, протокол |
to record |
нотувати, реєструвати |
to measure |
вимірювати |
transaction |
угода, банківська операція |
firm's financial condition |
фінансове становище фірми |
to provide data |
забезпечувати даними |
creditor |
кредитор |
independent |
незалежний |
income statement |
звіт про доходи |
balance sheet |
балансовий звіт |
to receive |
отримувати |
to spend |
витрачати |
ratio analysis |
аналіз коефіцієнтів |
profitability |
прибутковість |
Return on Investment Ratio |
коефіцієнт повернення інвестицій |
efficiency |
ефективність, продуктивність |
to evaluate |
оцінювати |
value |
цінність, вартість |
ownership |
власність |
overall financial structure |
повна фінансова структура |
Comprehension Questions
1. What is the purpose of accounting?
2. Who uses the data provided by accounting firms?
3. What are the two types of records which most businesses prepare?
4. What can you know analyzing the income statement and balance sheet of a company?
5. What is the purpose of the ratio analysis?
6. What categories of ratios in finance do you know?
Vocabulary Practice
Exercise 1. Choose the necessary word and put it in the sentence.
1. An accounting helps... the activity of a business. |
1. to profit |
2. Do you know the effect of your last...on financial condition of the firm? |
2. profit |
3. Accounting records provide ... for stock-holders, independent analysts. |
3. efficiency |
4. The second type of ratio helps the company ... its current financial position |
4. ownership |
5.…. is one the two main records which most of the businesses prepare regularly. |
5. to evaluate |
6. The ... of the company includes real estate in California. |
6. transaction |
7.1 am sure of the ... of this transaction. |
7. data |
8. Our company's current... is very high. |
8. income statement |
9. They ... from the association with that corporation. |
9. to measure |