6. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. Is engineering an ancient occupation?

2. What do specialists in this field do?

3. What fields is mechanical engineering divided into?

4. What subjects must a mechanical engineer know?

5. Do mechanical engineers specialize in any particular types of machines?

Глоссарий

1. air conditioning – кондиционирование воздуха

2. Ancient – древний

3. Broad- широкий, обширный

4. Build – строить, собирать

5. Design – проектировать, конструировать

6. divide – делить

7. economy – экономичность

8. efficiency – продуктивность

9. energy – энергия

10. engine – двигатель

11. Engineering - инженерное искусство

12. Field – сфера, область

13. goods – товары

14. heat – тепловая энергия

15. heating – нагревание, отопление

16. hydraulics – гидравлика

17. machine - машина, механизм

18. machine design – технология машиностроения

19. machinery – оборудование

20. manufactured – промышленный

21. material – материал

22. Mechanical engineer – инженер-машиностроитель

23. mechanical engineering – машиностроение

24. mechanics – механика

25. mechanism – механизм

26. metallurgy – металлургия

27. Occupation - занятие

28. operate - управлять

29. pneumatics – пневматика

30. Present-day - современный

31. pump – насос

32. Skills - умения, навыки

33. steam – пар

34. structure - структура, устройство

35. subject – предмет

36. Test – тестировать, проверять

37. thermodynamics – термодинамика

38. to apply – применять, касаться

39. To evolve - эволюционировать, развиваться

40. To include – включать

41. to specialize - специализироваться (в чём-л. / на чём-л.)

42. to train – готовить, обучать

43. turbine – турбина

44. type – тип, вид

45. variety – разнообразие

46. ventilating – вентиляция

Задания для самостоятельной работы Вариант 2

1. Сопоставьте слова

numerical control	производственные системы
manufacturing systems	постоянное вращение
cylindrical part	режущий край, острие
continuous rotation	современные токарные станки
modern lathes	плоская поверхность
cutting edge	цифровой контроль
flat surface	цилиндрическая деталь

2. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:

cutting edge, circumference, to feed, longitudinal, flat, angle, slot, gear teeth, drill, hole, thread, portable

3. Переведите слова с русского языка на английский:

электропривод, более точный, отдельные детали, процесс массового производства, приспособления для держания резца и детали, операции по механической обработке детали, высоковольтный разряд, сверление ультразвуком, резание с помощью лазерного луча, гибкие производственные системы, детали круглого сечения

4. Переведите текст с английского языка на русский.

MACHINE-TOOLS

Machine-tools are used to shape metals and other ma­terials. The material to be shaped is called the workpiece. Most machine-tools are now electrically driven. Ma­chine-tools with electrical drive are faster and more ac­curate than hand tools: they were an important element in the development of mass-production processes, as they allowed individual parts to be made in large numbers so as to be interchangeable.

All machine-tools have facilities for holding both the workpiece and the tool, and for accurately controlling the movement of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece. Most machining operations generate large amounts of heat, and use cooling fluids (usually a mixture of water and oils) for cooling and lubrication.

Machine-tools usually work materials mechanically but other machining methods have been developed lately. They include chemical machining, spark erosion to machine very hard materials to any shape by means of a continuous high-voltage spark (discharge) between an electrode and a workpiece. Other machining meth­ods include drilling using ultrasound, and cutting by means of a laser beam. Numerical controls of machine-tools and flexible manufacturing systems have made it possible for complete systems of machine-tools to be used flexibly for the manufacture of a range of pro­ducts.

Lathe is still the most important machine-tool. It pro­duces parts of circular cross-section by turning the workpiece on its axis and cutting its surface with a sharp stationary tool. The tool may be moved sideways to pro­duce a cylindrical part and moved towards the workpiece to control the depth of cut. Nowadays all lathes are power-driven by electric motors. That allows continuous rotation of the workpiece at a variety of speeds. The mod­ern lathe is driven by means of a headstock supporting a hollow spindle on accurate bearings and carrying either a chuck or a faceplate, to which the workpiece is clamped. The movement of the tool, both along the lathe bed and at right angle to it, can be accurately controlled, so ena­bling a part to be machined to close tolerances. Modern lathes are often under numerical control.