1. Information- is a dat, processed into meaningful form

2. Bit, 8 bit = 1 byte, 1024byte=1 KB, 1024 KB=1MB, 1024 MB=1GB

3. Differences Between ascii, ebcdic and Unicode Sort Order

The EBCDIC, ASCII, and Unicode encoding systems each use a different sort order for numbers, upper case alpha characters, lower case alpha characters, and special characters. As a result, if you load a partitioned table based on these characters, rows can be assigned to different partitions in the target table than they were in the original ASCII or EBCDIC source table, which might lead to unbalanced partitions in your database. You must determine if the partitioning keys need to be reevaluated when you migrate to Unicode.

4. Mainframe computer – a computer used large organizations (such as hospitals, large businesses) that needed to manage large amount of centralized data and run multiple simultaneously

Supercomputer – the fastest, most expensive type of computers.

Minicomputer - A minicomputer, or colloquially mini, is a class of smaller computers that evolved in the mid-1960s and sold for much less than mainframe and mid-size computers from IBM and its direct competitors. In a 1970 survey, the New York Times suggested a consensus definition of a minicomputer as a machine costing less than 25 000 USD, with an input-output device such as a teleprinter and at least 4K words of memory, that is capable of running programs in a higher level language, such as Fortran or Basic.

5. Server – is a physical computer dedicated to run one or more services to serve the needs of the users of the computers on a network

Workstation - is a high-end microcomputer designed for technical or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems. The term workstation has also been used to refer to a mainframe computer terminal or a PC connected to a network.

Personal computer – is a type of computer based on a microprocessor and designed to be one person at a time.

6. You can already answer it by yourself

7. I am pretty sure that you know this bullshit

8. Volatile memory – is a computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information. Instance – ROM

Non-volatile – is a computer memory that can retain stored information even when not powered. Instance – RAM, HDD, Floppy Disk …

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10. Cache (pronounced cash) memory is extremely fast memory that is built into a computer’s central processing unit (CPU), or located next to it on a separate chip. The CPU uses cache memory to store instructions that are repeatedly required to run programs, improving overall system speed. The advantage of cache memory is that the CPU does not have to use the motherboard’s system bus for data transfer. Whenever data must be passed through the system bus, the data transfer speed slows to the motherboard’s capability. The CPU can process data much faster by avoiding the bottleneck created by the system bus.

As it happens, once most programs are open and running, they use very few resources. When these resources are kept in cache, programs can operate more quickly and efficiently. All else being equal, cache is so effective in system performance that a computer running a fast CPU with little cache can have lower benchmarks than a system running a somewhat slower CPU with more cache. Cache built into the CPU itself is referred to as Level 1 (L1) cache. Cache that resides on a separate chip next to the CPU is called Level 2 (L2) cache. Some CPUs have both L1 and L2 cache built-in and designate the separate cache chip as Level 3 (L3) cache.

11. Multi-core CPU. Contain the processing components or cores of multiple independent processors on a single CPU (allow computers to work simultaneously on more tha one task at a time) Advantages of multi-core CPU:

The proximity of multiple CPU cores on the same die allows the cache coherency circuitry to operate at a much higher clock-rate than is possible if the signals have to travel off-chip. Combining equivalent CPUs on a single die significantly improves the performance of cache snoop (alternative: Bus snooping) operations. Put simply, this means that signals between different CPUs travel shorter distances, and therefore those signals degrade less. These higher-quality signals allow more data to be sent in a given time period, since individual signals can be shorter and do not need to be repeated as often.