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  1. Though although

  1. It seemed that the new government was the only topic the King would allow

to be spoken of, at the same time he would say almost nothing about it

himself.

  1. The tour continues through some beautiful wine towns whose vineyards can

be visited and wines tasted. In truth, , the opportunities for tasting are

fairly infrequent in this part of the tour.

  1. It was such a pleasant town, barely a city, even ....it was the capital.

  1. for that matter no matter

  1. We haven't been a real world power since the end of the war, what

we've pretended.

  1. For some unexplained reason, how hot it would get, Eric never

seemed to perspire.

  1. The cabin was unlocked. It didn't even have a lock

  1. in case in any case

  1. She went on with her search, knocking on each door before entering the room the occupant was lying down, or perhaps asleep.

  2. But perhaps you have a private number just something interesting

which I could pass on emerges in any conversation or discussion I might have.

  1. The pale furnishing colours they had enjoyed in their last house were not go­ing to be practical here ...they wanted something different.

  1. given (that) granted (that)

  1. She has health problems .....that's not her fault, but all the rest is.

  1. ) theory consists of a set of ideas, those ideas must come from some­where.

  1. I don't see what I can do for you,.. .....you have, I repeat, no evidence.

  1. all the same at the same time

  1. "I don’t suppose you’ve any facts to support that?” ”No hard evidence,” Brand admitted. ”I thought not I’d like to hear your story for myself.”

  2. The only person I could think of asking was my husband, and yet he

was the one I was supposed to be running away from.

  1. "There’s nothing to be done for him. He’s dead: This is one time the kiss of

life won’t help,” she said. " , you were splendid trying to save him like

that."

  1. above all after all

  1. Each sentence ought to be balanced, so that it sounds right if it is read aloud;

it should end before a reader runs out of breath it should say exactly

what it means, in the simplest way.

  1. He earned a reputation for sound, logical and honest performances in

the House of Commons.

  1. He was beginning to feel foolish about criticizing the police , what

did he know about questioning murder suspects?

  1. in the meantime meanwhile

  1. The BBC are trying to get independent confirmation of this story; ,

please do not use this version.

  1. One of his ventures was an overseas bank. His son Nigel directed it. another of his sons, Ernest, was sent to prison in Hong Kong for corrup­tion.

  2. We need a new system which takes into account the real educational needs of London’s children , the government should stick to the present ar­rangements.

Exercise 4. Some linkers have more than one meaning. Find expressions which best explain the different meanings of the linkers underlined. Here are some suggestions to help you:

all the time when although although... greatly because earlier than from the time when in order that in the way that more or less the same as provided that rather than

the whole time that whereas with the result that

Example: a) As he drew closer, picking his way through the rocks, he could see that his son was excited.

  1. He felt ashamed that he had not offered to serve in the French army as many other settlers had done.

Meaning: a) All the time when.... b)..in the way that

  1. I haven’t been back since I left before the war as a girl.

  2. Water containing high levels of nitrates or nitrites should not be given to ba­bies, since these minerals increase the risk of blood disorders.

Meaning: 1) 2)

  1. In the centre of the lawn a figure stood motionless. It must have stood there as long as she had.

  2. He didn't care what the flowers were, as long as they were yellow.

Meaning: 3) 4)

  1. She held the telephone firmly against her ear so that no telltale sound could leak out.

  2. The effects of time and blackcurrant juice have healed her throat, so that she can speak normally again now.

Meaning: 5) 6)

  1. He looked young and earnest, much as he'd always done.

  2. You will always be welcome when you get back but much as I should like to see you, I believe it is best for you to stay where you are.

Meaning: 7) 8)

  1. They’ll kill you sooner than let an outsider cause trouble.

  2. The Bank is likely to lower interest rates sooner than expected.

Meaning: 9). 10)

  1. While chemical control of pests is not the only option, its use far outstrips other techniques.

  2. Meat and bread prices will go up three times, while tea, butter, and ciga­rettes will cost double.

Meaning: 11) 12)

Exercise 5 Make use of the linkers to complete the sentences.

as though even though for In case lest so

until wherever yet on condition that

  1. We had no worries about where to get off. we were to be met by

our uncle.

  1. She wore black of course, and she looked enchanting. He guessed, correctly,

that Veronica never looked anything but enchanting, black suited

her best of all.

  1. I got here too early. I left home in plenty of time I have trouble

finding the place.

  1. They were allowed to play anywhere in the park it have a special

playground.

  1. A six o'clock start got him to the aiiport with half an hour to spare he bought two newspapers.

  2. He would have to avoid saying anything to Ginny he bring the

same fate on her.

  1. He slashed the air with his sword............. it was a whip.

  2. Nancy followed them, keeping a safe distance, sticking close to the trees there were any.

  3. I will decide what programme of work will be carried out. You will not take any action ....you have precise instructions from me. Is that clear?

  4. I will live with you you never look inside my handbag without

my permission.

Exercise 6. Choose the best connector to combine messages.

  1. She was a good judge of character and felt he spoke the truth. Be- sides/Instead/Nevertheless she didn’t care for him.

  2. The traffic was so heavy that the driver went slowly and was often forced to stop. Soon, furthermore/however/moreover we were on a faster road, and we picked up speed.

  3. She had thought she would be grateful for their company on the drive back to Algiers, but for one thing/instead/likewise they were making her nervous.

  4. You can now telephone our credit card hotline on 0121 414 6203. Accord- ingly/Altematively/Equallv complete the order form and return it to the address printed.

  5. Tom’s mother had been determined that he should not become a coal miner like his father and brothers. Accordingly/All in all/At the same time, she had sent him away to live v/ith her sister, who was married to a shopkeeper in Here­ford.

  6. I believe my career has been well spent. At last/At least /At the same time that is my view.

  7. As one grows older, so all the body processes slow down and food is less well utilized than it once was. Extra vitamins are in addition/instead/therefore needed to compensate for this.

  8. The recent recession has destroyed a high proportion of vacation jobs. Hence/However/Nonetheless, we would expect student debt to be on a sharp rise at present.

  9. I take my two dogs with me everywhere I go. Even so/For that matter/So my friends are pretty used to them by now.

  10. That’s why I've come here today, to tell your mother that her brother needs more money. Well, that's my excuse, also/anyway/indeed.

  11. This was not a well-travelled road. Even so/For example/ Moreover, it was an extremely dusty one.

  12. Disappointingly, though, the symptoms continued; indeed/otherwise/ simi­larly it is only in the last few weeks or so that I have been free of them.

  13. It is appropriate at the end of this important period to reflect upon a major development of benefit to all aircraft, namely/likewise/ or rather, navigational and automatic piloting equipment.

  14. He pulled a small enamel box out of the pocket of his jacket and placed it on the table in front of him. Next/Then again/Thus he tore a blank page from his notebook and folded it in two.

  15. We will ensure that anything you ask for is delivered directly to your hotel room. Likewise/Otherwise/Thereby, if you wish to visit the ballet or opera, this too will be arranged.

Chapter 3 MAKING A TEXT

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