I. Mary will not 2. Wife

be giving up who could not

smoking... stop spending...

Mary Housewife

1. 4. 7. 1. 4. 7.

2. 5. 8. 2. 5.

3 6. 9. 3. 6.

A. A HOUSEWIFE who went on an £11,922 three-year spending spree complained in the London Bankruptcy Court yesterday that credit was far too easy to get. There Ought to be a law to change these things,’ she told the court. ’It’s so easy, you just go on and on.

b. Mary Padley smokes 60 cigarettes a day, plus the odd Churchill-sized cigar — and she is not giving up for anyone.

c. 'Every time I got a monthly statement it always said: "Why don’t you increase your credit limit”.

d. Even her doctor admits there is no point asking her to stop. Mrs Padley has just celebrated her 103rd birthday.

Her recipe for long life is ’work hard and don’t think too much about tomorrow’.

6. . She planned a small lunch party. But forty guests turned up and stayed until mid­night.

g. She said all she had left now were assets worth £92. She had filed her own petition for bankruptcy because she ’didn’t know how to solve the problem’.

h. Mrs Linda Smaje, 39, who earns £32 a week as a domestic worker, and whose husband is unemployed, used finance companies and big-store credit cards to buy presents for her children and furnishings for her home.

/. Mrs Padley saw little of the outside world till she was 28. Orphaned at six weeks, she was raised by nuns in Ireland and at 17 joined the very strict Poor Clare order. She left at 28.

j. Outside court Mrs Smaje complained that the stores and finance companies con­tinually tempted her to go on spending. They never checked my credit-worthiness. They always said "of course you can have the money”.

k. 'My goodness was I innocent,' she recalls. 'Apart from a few priests, I had never seen a man. I knew nothing at all about life.¹

L Questioned by Mr Albert Billing, Assistant Official Receiver, she said she started opening bank accounts, applying for credit cards, and generally getting credit in 1979. In March 1980 she obtained a £1,640 loan to buy a caravan. Then she bor­rowed £2,000 elsewhere for kitchen equipment she did not really need.

m. She moved to London, where she worked as a maid and cook. She was a nurse during the First World War and an air-raid warden in the Second, crawling out of bomb debris on four occasions.

n. She married fellow warden Frederick Padley in 1939. He died in 1961 aged 72.

o. T blame the London stores who encouraged me to spend and spend. I just had to pick up the telephone and ask for more, and their salesman replied: "Of course, madam".'

p. Nowadays Mrs Padley has a home help, but likes doing her own housework and bakes all her own cakes. She used to tend two gardens until Age Concern stopped her digging up last year’s potato crops.

Exercise 3. Here are three stories about people who have started their own busi­nesses, but the stories have been mixed up. Read the paragraphs and decide which paragraph goes with which story. Then put them in the right order.

James McClarty 1. 2. 3. 4. 5

Jeremy Taylor 1. 2. 3

John Glover 1. 2. 3. 4.

a. James McClarty, 16, runs a part-time bakery delivery service. Every Friday evening he goes round his local village selling his wares — bread, rolls and teacakes, which he buys wholesale from a bakery.

g. Since then they have grown and grown. 'We use up to 20 riders and we buy ourselves a new bike every year. We've learned a lot about management, and we're now pretty confident about the future.'

b. Jeremy Taylor has had his market garden for 18 months now, growing fruit and vegetables for local consumption. He is most proud of his early potatoes and juicy raspberries. He thought starting a business would be complicated, but in fact he found it was quite straightforward.

100. He had the excellent idea of giving out free hot cross buns before Easter, and as a result he got bumper orders for the Easter weekend. 'I’ve already expanded to include the next village, but I've employed a friend to do the delivering.'

d. But there weren't any. 'I still had £100 and my bike. I'm lousy at mathematics, but my girlfriend Lynn was good at accounts, so we set up with another friend, Paul, as a third partner.’

5. James likes the extra money, but he does have one complaint. Tm getting fat. I can't help eating the teacakes!'

6. At first they found it very difficult to get known. 'Nothing seemed to work — leaflets and adverts in the paper brought nobody.' Then slowly the customers trickled in.

h. But his organization is far from old-fashioned. He has bought a computer, which he uses to work out orders, costs and profit. He has had the business for nine months.

i. He was given good advice by his bank manager. 'Start small, consolidate and ex­pand gradually. There’s been an increased demand for really fresh vegetables, and my produce is picked, packed and sold within 24 hours.’

j. A clever observation by John Glover gave him and two of his friends the idea for their small business. 'We’d all had jobs but we were made redundant. I had seen a lot of motorcycle couriers in London, so I thought I would try and get a job with one locally.'

k. 'I've always loved gardening, and the thought of making a living out of a hobby is wonderful.’

Exercise 4. Here is a newspaper article about a couple who won the football pools. Put the jumbled paragraphs in the correct order.

An 8Op loan wins Gary £400,000... and a bride

1. 'It has always been my dream to go to the church in a horse and carriage, and now I'll have my wish.’

2. They jokingly worked out that each would be entitled to £28.45 a week unem­ployment benefit.

3. Blue-eyed blonde Sue explained: 'When we first started living together, my parents didn’t really approve. They eventually came round, but I didn't see how I could ask Dad for a big church wedding.

4. The couple plan to buy a large house and a new car.

5. Today both will quit their £5,160-a-year jobs as Job Centre clerks.

6. His girlfriend, Sue Palmer, 24, came to the rescue with the 80p he needed.

7. Gary said, ’We always thought we would marry one day, but until now we couldn't afford the sort of wedding Sue wanted.'

8. Gary said: 'Although it would have been a chuckle to walk into the Job Centre and make a claim, we decided against it'.

9. POOLS winner Gary Watson collected his £400,775 prize yesterday - and popped the question to the girl who lent him the stake money.

j. She was paid back in style. As a chauffeur-driven Rolls-Royce was whisking the couple to the cheque presentation at a Birmingham hotel, Gary asked, 'Will you marry me?’

k. They will become officially engaged next Wednesday, the fourth anniversary of their first date.

1. Dole clerk Gary, 24, had only 2p in his pocket when he filled in his coupon, m. 'We will spend the next year travelling, and may invest in a racehorse.'

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

CHAPTER I: REVISION TIME!

Exercise 1. Combine the messages using the linkers in brackets.

Example: The house was built of good stone. And it was kept in good order. The garden also was kept in good order, (both...and) The house was built of good stone. And both it and the garden were kept in good order.

1. The beer and sandwich made him feel better because he had been hungry. It also made him feel better because for a while he could pretend that this was just a normal day. (both...and)

2. There was, she realized now, more than one way of looking at a key. It opened a door. It kept it locked, (both...and)

3. He doesn’t look like his uncle. He doesn't look like his aunt, (either...or)

4. No one would know what became of them. No one would care what became of them, (either...or)

5. Sometimes you got the order. Sometimes you didn’t get the order, (ei­ther... or)

6. Her nails weren't long. They weren't painted either, (neither...nor)

7. She didn’t weep. She didn't despair. But she planned, (neither...nor)

8) Anthony was not a skilled mechanic. Fred wasn't a skilled mechanic either, (neither... nor)

9. Now when he moved his head he felt the pain of the bruise. He also heard the crinkle of the papers concealed in his pillow-case, (not only...but also)

10. She paid him a top salary. And the job kept him moving and happy.

(not only... but)

9. He would be made familiar from maps with the layout of Geneva. He would be made familiar from a large-scale model too. (not only...but also)

10. Presumably the river carried the body down. It follows that this is where the body entered the water, (if...then)

11. Maybe land was nearby. If so, they might be able to obtain fuel and take off again before the plane was swallowed up by the sea. (if...then)

12. Maybe this view is right, but that would mean that perhaps we have been applying the wrong tests to the animal kingdom, (if...then)

Exercise 2. Rewrite sentences using the linkers in brackets.

Example: While I was reaching for the glove compartment she was getting out of the car. (meanwhile) I was reaching for the glove compartment. Mean­while she was getting out of the car.

1. It was unfortunate that he was tone deaf. Otherwise he might have made a fortune as a singer, (if)

2. Though Tibetan was to be taught during the three years of primary school, all secondary education was in Chinese by Chinese teachers, (however)

3. You won’t get any fruit off these trees unless you prune them, (otherwise)

4. Elsie poured out tea and after they'd all drunk a cup, Aunt Mamie announced that she was going up to rest, (soon afterwards)

5. They were living at the house with another young couple with their babies and a shared nanny. Meanwhile the war drew closer and bombs began to fall on Glasgow, (while)

6. I wanted to be seen from the outer office but not overheard, so I moved the chair back from the doorway, (so that)

7. I was prescribed this medicinal cream for my face. I used it for about two to three years, generously applying it every morning. As a result my skin is now quite thin on my face, (so that)

8. "And you'll go to Tasmania for your trout fishing?"— "I suppose I shall, unless the police want me to stay here." (provided that)

9. Whereas Ireland worked as a team with clever passing among the forwards, England relied on individual efforts, (by contrast)

10. Whereas unemployment seems to have contributed to increasing crime rates, this has not generally resulted in more people being sent to prison for longer periods of time (however)

11. Much as he had enjoyed the lively company of his friends in Edinburgh, his work, he felt, demanded solitude, (all the same)

12. While some UN sources expressed hope that a deal would be struck, the Americans were less optimistic, (on the other hand)

13. Although they knew it was wrong to steal a car, most of those interviewed, all under 17, did not consider themselves criminals, (despite)

14. "I can't do anything for several days," he said. "There's an important mur­der trial going on and I'm the main police witness. It won't matter a lot, though." (still)

15. Then she made some sandwiches and coffee and put them on a tray to take into the sitting-room for their supper. While she was doing it Patrick and Mar­garet talked quietly, (meanwhile)

16. We had our money stolen on the last day. Otherwise we had a wonderful time there, (except that)

Exercise 3. Some linkers look similar but meaning and usage are not the same. Make sure you do not confuse them.

1. by contrast on the contrary

1. Tobacconists, booksellers, and stationers also reported falling activity.

chemists, grocers, shoe shops and leather stores all said business was

better last month than in January.

2. There was no anxiety on the flight deck, no shouts of warning: , the

pilots commented to each other on the awesome beauty, the majesty and tranquillity of what they were seeing.

3. There had been no elections, no campaigning, no consulting the people.

, helpless civilians had been shot, the radio station closed down and a

puppet government installed.