Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech

• Indirect General Questions

The Inversion in the direct question changes to statement word order.

We use if / whether (ли) after ask, want to know, wonder, not know, didn’t say / tell me. Note: to ask smb; to ask a question

Ann’s mother asked her, “Are you tired?” Ann’s mother asked her if she was tired.

He asked his friend, ”Do you like the wine?” He asked his friend if he liked the wine.

• Indirect Special Questions.

An indirect special question is introduced by the same adverb or pronoun that introduces the direct question.

Peter asked, ”Who has taken my book?” Peter asked who had taken his book.

I asked the gardener, “What are you planting here this year

Ex. 5. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.

1. The teacher asked Tom: “Do you come to school by bus or on foot?” 2. A man stopped me in the street and asked: “Have you got a watch?” 3. The teacher asked us: “ Do you understand the question?”4. Henry’s father asked his son: “ Do you want to be an engineer or a doctor?” 5. I asked my friend: "How do you feel after your holiday?" 6. "Alex is an educated man", remarks Flora. 7. "John never seems low or depressed", says Jane. 8. Jack's father asked him: "Who are you writing a letter to?" 9. "Jack is on the terrace. He is playing chess with his brother" , says Nelly. 10. I saw a cloud of smoke and asked: "What is burning?.” 11. I asked Peter: “Are you going to play football on Friday?” 12. He asked his secretary: “Hasn’t the postman been yet? ” 13. The teacher asked Tom, "Do you come to school by bus or on foot?". 14. A man stopped me in the street and asked, "Have you got a watch?". 15. The teacher asked us, "Do you understand the question?".

Ex.6. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.

1. The teacher asked: "Which number can be divided by three?" 2. Peter asked me: "When are you going to have dinner?” 3. The policeman asked me: "Where did you lose your wallet?" 4. The teacher came into the classroom and asked the pupils: "What are you doing?” 5. I asked Bob: "Why did not you answer my letter?” 6. There was a crowd in the street. I asked the man in the crowd: "What is the matter?” 7. Mother asked Jane: "What are you doing here?". 8. Margaret asked Richard: "Where are you going for your holidays?". 9. Ann asked Mary: "What do you usually have for breakfast?". 10. The inspector asked: "Who caused the accident?". 11. The teacher asked: "When did you learn to swim?'. 12. Mary's mother asked her: "Where have you put your shoes?"

Ex.7. Translate the sentence from Kazakh into English.

1. Мен одан пальтоны оған қайдан тіктірткенін сұрадым. 2. Мен одан соңғы уақытта тағы қандай французша кітаптарды оқығанын сұрадым. 3. Достары одан өткен жексенбіде қайда барғанын сұрады. 4. Ата-анамыз біздің жазда не істегелі жатқанымызды сұрады. 5. Біз оқытушыдан емтихандарды қалай тапсырғандарымызды сұрадық. 6. Мен одан бұл жұмысты қашан аяқтайтынын сұрадым. 7. Гид туристерден қаланы қалай аралағандарын сұрады. 8. Мен қонақтардан қалай ұйықтағандарын сұрадым. 9. Ол біздің театрға қаншалықты жиі баратынымызды білгісі келді. 10. Ол бізде мистер Долби қаншалықты ұзақ істейтінін білгісі келді. 11. Олар менен жұмыс уақытым қашан басталатынын сұрады. 12. Ол менің достарым қандай музыка ұнататын сұрады. 13. Біз одан достарының ішінде кім екі шет тілін білетінін сұрадық. 14. Журналистер жазушыдан қай кітапты жазу үстінде екенін сұрады. 15. Ол менен кеше қайда болғанымды сұрады. 16. Олар менің досымнан жазғы каникулды қалай өткізгенін сұрады.

Ex. 8. Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns and tenses.

1. "What's the time?" he asked.

→ He wanted to know ……….

2. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.

→ She asked me ………. 3. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.

→ She asked him …………..

4."Where did they live?" he asked.

→ He wanted to know ………..

5. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her.

→ He asked her …………

6. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.

→ She asked me …….

7. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.

→ The teacher wanted to know ……

8. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him.

→ She wanted to know………..

9. "Did you see that car?" he asked me.

→ He asked me …….. 10. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins. → The mother asked the twins …….

Ex. 9. Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note whether the sentence is a request, a statement or a question and whether you have to change the tenses or not.

1."I was very tired," she said. → She said …….

2."Be careful, Ben," she said. → She told Ben ……….

3."I will get myself a drink," she says. → She says ………..

4."Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me. → He wondered ……….

5."I cannot drive them home," he said. → He said ………

6."Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says. → She asks Peter ………..

7."Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me. → She asked me ……..

8. He said, "Don't go too far." → He advised her ……..

9."Have you been shopping?" he asked us. → He wanted to know ………….

10. "Don't make so much noise," he says. → He asks us ……..

Ex. 10. Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns in some sentences.

1. She said, "Go upstairs." → She told me ……..

2. "Close the door behind you," he told me. → He told me ………..

3. "Don't be late," he advised us. → He advised us …………

4. "Stop staring at me," she said. → She told him …………

5. "Don't be angry with me," he said. → He asked her ……………

6. "Leave me alone," she said. → She told me …………..

7. "Don't drink and drive," she warned us. → She warned us …………

8. "John, stop smoking," she said. → She told John ………..

9. "Don't worry about us," they said. → They told her …………

10. "Meet me at the cinema." he said. → He asked me …………….

Ex. 11. Imagine you want to repeat sentences that you heard two weeks ago in another place. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Change pronouns and expressions of time and place where necessary.

1. They said, "This is our book." → They said …………..

2. She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday." → She said ……………

3. He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow." → He said …………

4. You said, "I will do this for him." → You said …………

5. She said, "I am not hungry now." → She said …………..

6. They said, "We have never been here before." → They said …………

7. They said, "We were in London last week." → They said …………

8. He said, "I will have finished this paper by tomorrow." → He said …………..

9. He said, "They won't sleep." → He said …………

10. She said, "It is very quiet here." → She said ………….

UNIT 15

GETTING A JOB

Text: Employment Agencies.

Grammar revision.

Employment Agencies.

In Britain there is a special service for school leavers, the Careers Advisory Service, which helps young people who are looking for their first job. Careers Officers give practical advice on interview techniques, application forms, letters, pay, National Insurance and Trade Unions.

One business organization that you may use when you are job-hunting is an employment agency. There are the state employment services and nonprofit agencies that do not receive fees for finding jobs for people. There exist also private employment agencies which receive a fee. Some employment agencies see applicants without an appointment. These include the state employment agencies and nonprofit agencies. Counselors there may spend a few minutes with each applicant.

But an agency that deals with technical and higher – salaried jobs, spends much more time with each applicant. Appointments are necessary in this type of agency , where a counselor may be able to see only a few applicants a day. An interview for any kind of job, whether the interview is obtained through a friend, classified advertisement, or an agency, generally requires an appointment. It is important to be on time for your appointment. If you have made an appointment and cannot keep it, or if you will be more than ten minutes late, you should always call the interviewer. If you do cancel the appointment or notify the interviewer that you will be late, you will create a negative impression on your possible employer.

To make efficient use of time, American business people schedule their days hour by hour. In most American business situations, appointments are a necessary courtesy.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

1.	job	жұмыс, қызмет
2.	employment agency	жұмысқа орналастыру агентствосы
3.	nonprofit agencies	көрсеткен қызметі үшін ақша алмайтын агентство
4.	appointment	жолығу, кездесу, шарттасқан кездесу
5.	job-hunting	жұмыс іздеу
6.	courtesy	сыпайылық ережелері, этикет
7.	classified advertisements	рубрикаларға орналастырылған хабарландырулар
8.	salary	еңбекақы, жалақы
9.	fee	қызмет үшін төлем, гонорар
10.	to counsel	кеңес беру, ұсыну
11.	counselor	кеңес беретін агенство қызметкері
12.	to employ	жұмыс ұсыну
13.	employer	жұмыс ұсынушы
14.	unemployed	жұмыссыз
15.	employment	тұрақты жұмыс, бірнәрсемен шұғылдану
16.	employee	қызметкер
17.	to schedule	белгілі бір уақытқа тағайындау
18.	schedule	график, кесте
19.	to notify	ескерту (жұмыстан шығару жөнінде)
20.	cancel	өзгерту, бұзу (бұйрықты бұзу)

Ex.1.Give English equivalents of:

Жұмыс, қызмет; жұмысқа тұрғызу агентствосы; жұмысқа тұру жөніндегі анкетаны толтыру; қызмет көрсеткені үшін ақша алмайтын агентство; ұсыну; жолығу, шарттасқан кездесу; жқмыс іздеу; жұмыс ұсыну; өзгерістерге дайын болу; квалификацияға сәйкес жұмыс іздестіру; белгілі бір уақытқа тағайындау; жұмыс ұсынушы; сағаттан сағатқа; рубрикаларға орналастырылған хабарландырулар; қызмет ұшін төлем, гонорар; кеңес беру, агенствоның кеңес беретін қызметкері; жұмыссыз; қалыпты жұмыс, (бірнәрсемен) шұғылдану (бос болмау); қызметкер; график, кесте; ескерту (жұмыстан шығару туралы); бірнәрсені кеңес ету; жағымды/жағымсыз әсер жасау; сыпайылық ережелері, этикет;

Ex.2. Suggest the Kazakh for:

employment agency; employer; to look for a job; to notify; schedule; employee; fee; employment; counselor; salary; to counsel; unemployed; the Careers Advisory Service; to schedule; classified advertisements; for school leavers; Carries Officers; job-hunting; appointment; nonprofit agencies; job; a special service; courtesy; to employ; National Insurance and Trade Unions;

to give practical advice; to exist; private employment agencies; to receive a fee; an applicant; to deal with; higher – salaried jobs; to be on time; cancel an appointment; to create a negative impression on your possible employer; to make efficient use of time;

Ex.3.Replace the italicized parts of the sentences by words and word combinations from the vocabulary.

1. In American business practice making appointments is a rule of polite behavior.

2. He went to an employment agency to meet a person who gives advice, but first he had to talk to the employee who receives callers and answers the phone.

3. He went to the manager in order to formally ask for a job.

4. He doesn’t work at the moment, he is out of work.

5. His parents couldn’t make him leave the job, they could only advice.

Ex.4. Choose the right word.

Job- position- occupation

“job” – anything that one has to do ,task, duty

“position” – a person’s relative place, as in society; rank; status;

“ occupation” – that which chiefly engages one’s time; one’s trade;

1. He was unemployed doing only odd ..... .

2. Knitting is a useful ... for a long winter evenings.

3. This aid is for those who have a very low ... in society.

4. My sister occupies an important ... in the Department of Health.

5. The police called to the company to find out his ... at the moment.

6. He had a hard .... painting the car.