
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: The Present Perfect Tense.
- •I’ve worked He’s worked I haven’t worked He hasn’t worked
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: The Past Perfect Tense.
- •I’d worked I hadn’t worked
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: Future Perfect Tense.
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: The Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
- •I’ve been working He’s been working I haven’t been working He hasn’t been working
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: The Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
- •Inclusive: denotes an action which began before a definite moment in the past, continued up to that moment and was still going on at that moment. It is used with: -since, for We had
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: The Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
- •1.I’ll have been working I won’t (shan’t) have been working
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: The Passive Voice.
- •If you want to say who did or what caused the action, use by or with It was destroyed by fire.
- •Grammar: The Passive Voice.
- •Grammar: Modal verbs (can, may and their equivalents).
- •In its first meaning “can” expresses:
- •1. Mental, phisycal, circumstantial ability
- •3. Request
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: Modal verbs: must, should, ought and their equivalents.
- •Ex.12. Fill in needn't or mustn't. Example: You _____ forget your homework. (mustn't)
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: Sequence of Tenses.
- •6. Time and place changes:
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech.
- •Topical vocabulary
- •Grammar: Direct and Indirect Speech
- •I asked the gardener, “What are you planting here this year
Topical vocabulary
1. |
to set out |
орнату, қондыру, қою |
2. |
steady market economy |
тұрақты экономикалық нарық |
3. |
emergence |
пайда болу, көріну, шығу |
4. |
to assume |
шамалау, болжау |
5. |
vital |
маңызды, өмірлік |
6. |
obstacles |
кедергілер |
7. |
to define the strategy |
стратегияны анықтау |
8. |
fate |
тағдыр |
9. |
to decree |
шығару, жариялау |
10. |
collapse |
күйзеліс, құлдырау, қирау, талқандалу |
11. |
tangible pressure |
елеулі қысым |
12. |
extinction |
қырылып қалу, құрып біту |
13. |
forced to leave |
(тастап) кетуге мәжбүр |
14. |
decisive force |
шешуші күш |
15. |
adoption |
қабылдау |
16. |
to lead to |
әкелу, келтіру, |
17. |
economic alliances |
экономикалық одақтар |
18. |
trade |
сауда |
19. |
rebirth of |
қайта даму, қайта өркендеу |
Ex.1. Read and summarize the text.
Ex.2. Suggest the Kazakh equivalents.
The young sovereign state, the whole complex of political and economic relations, new property-ownership relations, favorable conditions for the emergence, to take into account the traditions, as reality demands, rapid progress, the time of difficult decisions, before our eyes, the revival of the national culture and language, guarantee the security, tasks are closely related to the fact.
Ex.3. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text.
1. The young sovereign state and its economy …… …… a new course in which the social organism and the whole complex of political and economic relations …… reorganized.
2. As reality demands, the society and economy are more and more ……. an open character.
3. The Soviet people never really …. the true masters of their lives, their property, their country.
4. The government is …… to the revival of the national culture and language, and to the renewal of ……. ties with the Kazakh Diaspora, forced to leave Kazakhstan at …. century.
5. The adoption of such a system will lead to …. of new political activists and leaders.
6. The country's internal tasks are closely related …. that for the first time in its recent history.
Ex.4. Translate into English using all the active possible.
1. Егеменді жас мемлекет және оның экономикасы қазіргі уақытта қайта өрлеу сатысында тұр. 2. Елдің ішінде демократияны қалыптастыру елдердің жаңа халықаралық ынтымақтастығына әкеледі. 3. Түрлі маңызды мәселелерді шешуде мемлекет үлкен қиындықтар кешуде. 4. Стратегияны айқындауға ешқандай кедергілер бөгет бола алмайды. 5. КСРО ыдырағаннан кейін олар экономикалық одақтардың елеулі қысымына тап болды.