Grammar: The Passive Voice.

• We use the infinitive after modal verbs and a number of other verbs. The passive infinitive is to be done/ to have been done

Can/could May/ might Must/ have to Should/ would Needn’t

Can be done have been done

Lions and tigers can be seen in Zoos. He spoke very clearly; he could be heard by everyone

• The verbs which take prepositional objects can form passive construction of the following pattern:

smb is smth was will be

sent for spoken about laught at

The verbs taking prepositional objects.

to agree to/with- (біреумен) келісу

to agree on/upon- келісімге келу

to call for,on – ( біреудің) артынан кіру

to deal with – (біреумен) жұмысы болу

to hear of – (туралы) есту

to insist on/upon – дегеніне көндіру

to laugh at – (біреуге) күлу

to look after- күтіп баптау

to put with- табысу

to refer to- жүгіну

to send for- біреудің артынан жіберу

to think of- (біреу) туралы ойлау

to comment on – түсініктеме беру

to provide for- жабдықтау, қамдау

to lose sight of- көзден жоғалту

to make use of- пайдалану, қолдану

Ex.6.Read the situation and write a sentence. Use the words in brackets.

Example: He seldom keeps his promise.(he/can/rely/on)

1.The child is very ill.(the doctor /send/for) 2. The old car is in excellent condition.(it/look/after /well). 3. He was speaking for two hours. (he/listened to/ in silence) 4. She is going into hospital tomorrow. (she/ take good care of). 5. This little boy is always dirty. (he/look after/ properly).6. She is always breaking things in the kitchen. (she/speak to/about her carelessness). 7. He’s a sensible man.(his advise/listen to carefully) 8.The dentist said her teeth were very bad.(they/ take care of). 9. He never broke a promise in his life.(he/rely on)10. Shakespeare was born more that 400 years ago.(he/look upon/the greatest of English poets)

Ex.7.Put the following into the passive where necessary.

1.You can’t wash this dress.(it/dry-clean).2. They discuss unimportant things.(a lot of time/waste). 3. They will type your letters in a minute.(the letters/ type/ in the other office) 4. I can’t play now.(my piano/ repair/ at the moment) 5. The guests ate other sandwiches, and drank all the lemonade.( nothing/ leave). 6. I can’t find my parcel anywhere.(it/ post?) 7. I have no information.(I/ inform/ of the change of the plan).8.I’m afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more.(more/ order).9. The letter can’t be mailed.(it/ not stamp). 10. I would like to meet her mother.(I/ not introduce/ yet).

Ex.8. Give the corresponding passive construction.

1. We looked through all the advertisements very attentively.2. The gardener gathered all the dry leaves and set fire to them. 3. People will talk much about the successful debut of the young actress, no doubt.4. You can rely upon your guide’s experience. 5. Why didn’t the speaker dwell longer upon this question? 6. You should send the sick man to hospital. They will look after him much better there.7. A famous architect has designed the new theatre this week. 8. This plant had fulfilled the yearly plan by the 15 december.9. The workers are discharging the steamer. 10. The students read the text and translated it into English. 11.Who has written this article?

Ex.9. Put in the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets.

Lord Manners was a rich and famous banker. When he (die), he (give) a magnificent funeral which (attend) by hundreds of famous people. The funeral was going to (hold) in West Minister Abbey. Many ordinary people (line) the streets to watch the procession. The wonderful black and gold carriage (draw) by 6 black horses. The mourners (follow) in silence. Lord Manners (give) a royal farewell. Two tramps were among the crowd, they (watch) the procession. As solemn music (can/hear) in the distance, one of them (turn) other and (whisper) in admiration: ”Now that’s what I call really living! ” (from “Longman English Grammar Practice”by L.G. Alexander)

Ex.10. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Бұл профессордың дәрістерін әрдайым үлкен қызығушылықпен тыңдайды. 2. Мені Джон бөліп жіберді. 3. Оны (бәрі) әрқашан жақсы көрді және оған сенді. 4. Оны достары күтеді. 5. Мен қысқа хаттың қарындашпен жазылғанына сенімдімін. 6. Есікті кексе әйел ашты, және Джейнді кіші қонақ бөлмеге жіберді. 7. Кереует салынбаған, орындық сынған. 8. Бұл хатқа директор қолы жаңа ғана қойылған. 9. Тауарлар әлі жеткізілмеген. 10. Бұл келісім-шартқа қол қойылған ба? 11. Бұл сұрақ әлі зерттелмеген. 12. Жәшіктер саналған. Оларды қоймаға апарып тастауға болады. 13. Кітапхана жабық болды, себебі сағат 8 болды. 14. Бұл фильм жөнінде көп айтады. 15. Ол өзін неліктен сонда жіберетінін біліп қояды. 16. Қала бойынша экскурсия кезінде болат өндіретін зауытты көрсетті. 17. Жақсы оқылатын кітаптарды кітапхана сөрелерінен аз кездестіресің.

UNIT 10

TRAVELLING

Text: The holiday.

Grammar: Modal verbs (can, may, must and their equivalents).

The Holiday.

One evening, Jillian came home with the information that their friends, Liz and Peter Smith, had bought a holiday cottage in the country. And that, somehow, made them start thinking s seriously about their own summer holidays.

So they sat down to discuss it. Jillian thought she would like to go Italy and Martin suggested that Spain might be a good idea. Then Jillian remembered seeing some advertisements for Sweden and Martin wondered whether Yugoslavia was a possibility. Finally, without deciding where to go, they realized that it would be wise to think about the cost of going abroad.

“Well, the first thing is to make a decision about the car.” – Jill said. “ If we don’t take it we shall have to stay in one place.”

“And if we decided to take it,” Marten answered,” we shall have to use a car ferry, either ship or plane. “A long discussion followed after which Martin had written down:

Sea ferry - cheapest - slowest - least comfortable

Air ferry - more expensive – faster - more comfortable

Fly all the way - most expensive - fastest - most comfortable

“We had better take the car ”,he said, “because we simply can’t afford to fly all the way. But if we fly across the Channel with the car , we shan’t be able to afford to stay in a hotel.” Was it his imagination, he wondered ,or was Jill looking disappointed ?

But then she suddenly put forward a new suggestion: “If we flew all the way,” she said thoughtfully,” we couldn’t pay the hotel bills. If we flew with the car across the Channel, we still shouldn’t be able to stay in a hotel. But if we bought a tent, we should be able to use air ferry- and we have a camping holiday. Perhaps we should be able to go to several countries, instead of one. ” It seemed the perfect answer to the problem and neither of them could find any objections to the idea. So having both arranged to have three weeks’ holiday from 1^st of August, they went along to a sports shop, and after carefully examining five different tents, decided which one would be most suitable and brought it home.

Then everything began to happen at once. Martin found that he couldn’t get tickets for the air ferry during the first week in August. But, worse still, the car started making peculiar noises, and the mechanic at Martin’s usual garage said that if he took it abroad , he would be asking for trouble. That evening Peter and Liz Smith came round full excitement because they were going to Italy with some money Peter’s aunt sent him, and they had been lucky enough to get the last two air ferry tickets for the first week in August.

“We’re very pleased for you,” Martin said weakly, then Jillian began a long explanation of their own problems. ”But that’s easy,” Peter exclaimed. ”Have our cottage . Your car’s good enough to take you there and we shan’t be needing the place because we shall be away. Now, don’t think any more about it, the cottage is yours for the first three weeks in August.”

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

1.	advertisement	жарнама
2.	imagination	қиял, елес
3.	to disappoint	көңілі қайту, түңілу
4.	suggestion	ұсыныс
5.	to wonder	қызығушылық таныту
6.	tent	шатыр
7.	to happen	(бірнәрсе) болу
8.	excitement	толқу
9.	to exclaim	айқайлап жіберу
10.	enough	жеткілікті
11.	wise	ақылды, дана

Ex.1. Find in the text equivalents to the following words and word combinations.

Саяжай; қиял; мейманханаға тоқтау; көңілі қалу; демалыс алуға келісу; қызығушылық таныту; теңіз паромы; шатыр; бірнәрсе болу; жарнама; толқу; шетелге сапардың құны; айқайлап жіберу; бір жерде қалу; жеткілікті; дана (ақылды); жаңа идеяны ойлап табу; шатырды қарап шығу; ұсыныс; табу (билеттер сатып алу); машиналарды жөндейтін шеберхана;

Ex.2. Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers.

1.The information brought home by Jillian was about the Smiths’ having bought a holiday cottage in the country.

2. They discussed their summer holiday plans.

3. No, there were too many possibilities opened up.

4. They decided to take the car and to buy a tent.

5. The car started making peculiar noises and Martin couldn’t get tickets for the air ferry.

6. The last two air ferry tickets were bought by Peter.

7. Liz and Peter were going to Italy.

8. They were going to stay away for the first three weeks in August.

9.Martin and Jillian could spend their holidays in the Smiths’ holiday cottage in the country.

Ex.3. Suggest English equivalents of the Kazakh words given in brackets.

1. So they sat down (талқылау) it. 2. Jillian thought she would like to go Italy and Martin (ұсынды) that Spain (болар еді) a good idea. 3. Finally, (шешпестен) where to go, they realized that it would be wise to think (құны жайлы) of going abroad. 4. After (тиянақты қарап шыққан ) five different tents, (шешімге келді) which one would be (ең ыңғайлысы) and brought it home.5. Martin found that he couldn’t (билет ала алмау) for the air ferry during the first week in August. 6. That evening Peter and Liz Smith came round full (толқу) because they were going to Italy .7. Well, the first thing is to (шешу) about the car.”

Ex.4. Answer the questions on the text and retell the text.

1. Who first informed Martin about the Smiths’ holiday cottage?

2. What did Martin and Jillian discuss after the tea?

3. What was the first thing to be decided about?

4. How did Martin imagine Jillian was looking?

5. Which idea could neither of them object to?

6. Where did they make their examination of the five tents?

7. Could Martin take tickets for the air ferry?

8. What was the problem with their car?

9. What did Peter suggest?