Раздел 4: Мировой океан

Тема 1: Мировой океан

THE WORLD OCEAN

1. Прочитайте текст “The World Ocean ”. Подберите заголовок к каждому абзацу. Один заголовок лишний.

a) The principal oceanic areas

b) Shokalsky’s concept of the World Ocean

c) The shape of the World Ocean

d) The area of the World Ocean

e) Water resources

f) The components of the World Ocean

2. Переведите текст, используя словарь.

The World Ocean

1) The World Ocean or global ocean, is the interconnected system of the Earth's oceanic (or marine) waters, and comprises the bulk of the hydrosphere, covering almost seventy one per cent of the Earth's surface, with a total volume of 1.332 billion cubic kilometers.

2) The unity and continuity of the World Ocean, with relatively free interchange among its parts, is of fundamental importance to oceanography. The planet is approximately 71% water and contains five oceans, including the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Southern. For many years only four oceans were officially recognized, and then in the spring of 2000, the International Hydrographic Organization established the Southern Ocean, and determined its limits. Those limits include all water below 60 degrees south, and some of it, like the Arctic Ocean, is frozen. Oceanic waters are interspersed by many smaller seas, gulfs, and bays.

3) The contemporary concept of the World Ocean was coined by the Russian oceanographer Yuly Shokalsky in the early 20th century to describe what is basically a solitary, continuous ocean that covers and encircles most of the Earth.

4) The Pacific Ocean, the largest of the oceans, also reaches northward from the Southern Ocean to the Arctic Ocean. It spans the gap between Australia, Asia, the Americas and Oceania. The Pacific Ocean meets the Atlantic south of South America at Cape Horn. The Atlantic Ocean, the second largest, extends from the Southern Ocean between South America, Africa, North America and Europe, to the Arctic Ocean. The Atlantic meets the Indian Ocean south of Africa at Cape Agulhas. The Indian Ocean extends northward from the Southern Ocean to India, between Africa and Australia. The Indian Ocean joins the Pacific Ocean to the east, near Australia. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest. It joins the Atlantic near Greenland and Iceland and joins the Pacific at the Bering Strait. It overlies the North Pole, touching North America in the Western hemisphere and Scandinavia and Asia in the Eastern hemisphere. The Arctic Ocean is partially covered in sea ice, the extent of which varies according to the season. Some authorities do not consider the Arctic Ocean a bona fide ocean, because it is largely surrounded by land with only limited exchange of water with the other oceans. Consequently, it is considered to be a sea of the Atlantic, referred to as the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or Arctic Sea. The Southern Ocean is a proposed ocean surrounding Antarctica, dominated by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, generally the ocean south of sixty degrees south latitude. The Southern Ocean is partially covered in sea ice, the extent of which varies according to the season. The Southern Ocean is the second smallest of the five named oceans.

5) The approximate shape of the World Ocean can for most purposes be treated as constant, although in fact it is not: continental drift continually changes its structure.

3. Определите, являются ли предложения истинными или ложными.

a) The World Ocean has a total volume of 1.333 billion cubic kilometers.

b) The unity and continuity of the World Ocean is of fundamental importance to ornithology.

c) The Indian Ocean extends northward from the Southern Ocean to India, between Africa and Australia.

d) Continental drift continually changes its structure.

e) the Southern Ocean was established in the spring of 2000 by the International Hydrographic Organization.

4. Соедините пары.

Marine contemporary approximate connect purpose gulf antiquity surround cover constant volume cubic solitary current drift bay partially extend

Простираться Кубический Древность Частично Постоянный Объём Покрывать приблизительный цель уединённый течение морской окружать залив соединять современный дрейфовать залив

5. Составьте из слов предложения.

1) is system of the World The interconnected Ocean waters oceanic Earth’s the

2) Arctic includes Atlantic The Ocean Southern and World Indian oceans Pacific

3) The North Arctic overlies Pole Ocean the

4) constantly Ocean of The shape World the is changing

6. Дополните предложения, используя данные слова и словосочетания:

seas, Continental drift, the North Pole, oceanographer, the Earth's surface, sea ice

a) The contemporary concept of the World Ocean was coined by the Russian ____Yuly Shokalsky in the early 20th century.

b) The World Ocean covers seventy one per cent of _____.

c) The Arctic Ocean overlies_____.

d) Oceanic waters are interspersed by many smaller_____, gulfs, and bays.

e) The Arctic Ocean is partially covered in_____, the extent of which varies according to the season.

f) _____continually changes the shape of the World Ocean.