Vocabulary

device пристрій

alter міняти

predetermined завданий

lever важіль

wheel-and-axle ворот

inclined plane нахилена поверхня

loading ramp вантажний скат

truck вантажна машина

wedge клин

screw гвинт

pulley блок

slider crank повзун

four-bar linkage чотириланкова передача

3. Ask questions on the text.

4. Find in the text the equivalents of the Ukrainian words and

expressions.

пристрій для виконання корисної роботи, складатися з комбінацій жорстких ланок, застосування сил, серед найпростіших машин, устрій системи з’єднань, може бути описана, більш складний пристрій, працювати в одній площині, продуктивний рух, пласка поверхня, утворювати клин, технічна перевага важіля, бокова сила, рухомий блок, додане зусилля, піднімати об’єкт, відомий як гвинт, причина в тому, спричиняти обертання кривошипу, передавати обертальний рух.

5.Fill in the gaps.

producing, composed, formed, identify, applied, inclined, arrangement, described, combines, operate, exchanges, slants, support.

Machine is device for ____ useful work, ____ of combinations of rigid or resistant links ____ and connected in order to alter, transmit, and direct the application of forces in a predetermined way.The term simple machine is often used to ____ those devices that change the direction or magnitude, or both, of an ____ force and thus do useful work. Among the simple machines is ____ plane. Machines are often classified by the ____ of their linkage systems. For exam­ple, an internal-combustion engine may be ____ by a four-

link system called a slider crank The punch press is an example of a slightly more complicated device that ____ the slider crank and the four-bar linkage into a six-bar arrangement. Most simple machines ____ in a single plane or in a series of parallel planes. Inclined Plane. The inclined plane is an ex­ample of a simple machine that ____ in­creased distance for less effort. An inclined plane is a fiat surface that ____ or slopes. In a movable pulley, a ___ above gives the added effort.

6. Match the notions and their definitions.

1) inclined plane, slider crank, wedge, screw; movable pulley.

2) two inclined planes joined together; inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder; flat surface that slants or slopes; pulley that moves along with the weight; four-link system.

7. Discuss the words: explain the words with the same root denoting an object, process, action, property, direction, result, etc.

downward – upward – sideward, put – input – output, complicated – complex, direct – direction, arrange – arrangement, combine – combination –

translate –translation – translator, transform – transformation, rotate – rotary –

rotation – rotor, link – linkage – linked.

8. Use the synonyms in situations.

slant, slope, inclination; neglect, omit; lift, raise; machine, device; use, application; linkage, connection; combined, complicated, complex; transmit, translate, deliver.

9. Insert the prepositions wherever necessary.

I. Thermodynamics deals ____ the conversion ____ mechanical energy ___ thermal energy. 2. The production ___ heat ___mechanical means may be illustrated ___ the phenomenon ___ friction. 3. A heat engine is a machine ___ transforming heat ___ mechanical energy. 4. To transform energy ___ any ___ its numerous forms ___ heat is a comparatively simple process. 5. ___ the case ___ the ideal reversible process, there is no change ___ the quantity ___ available energy. 6. No change ___ a system ___ bodies that takes place ___ itself can increase the available energy ___ the system.