Vocabulary

condition умова

to cause спричиняти

celestrial body небесне тіло

influence of forces вплив сил

to create творити

to provide забезпечувати

motion рух to consider розглядати, вважати

to belong належати

to discover відкривати

lever важіль

to invent винаходити

to prove the law доводити закон

measurement вимір

to define визначати

to devise розробляти

conservation збереження

3. Complete the sentences.

1. The subject-matter of the text is ____ 2. The text deals with ____. 3. First the author accounts on_______. 4. Then he dwells upon ____ 5. Further on he points out that ____6. The author emphasises that ____. 7. The author goes on saying that ____8. To continue the author also discusses (mentions, throws light upon, considers the problem of, raises the question of, writes, speaks, tells about) ____. 9. In conclusion the author underlines / states that ____.

4. Answer the questions.

1.What is the history of mechanics based on? 2.How old is the science of mechanics? 3. How much time did it take to develop mechanics? 4.When did mechanics begin to develop intensively? 5.Who are the fathers of mechanics? 6. Who developed mechanics to the level of a science?

7. How’s the mechanics of Galileo and Newton called? 8. How was mechanics enriched later on? 9. Where is the classic mechanics applied (used)? 10. Are you mechanically minded? 11. Can everything in the world be treated mechanically?

5. Find in the text the equivalents of the Ukrainian words and

expressions.

доводити вичерпно (ясно), закон важеля, забезпечити виміри, бути

пов’язаним з, мати справу з, належати до, досягати точки, шлях тіла, намагатися представити, приводити в дію, наука розглядає, причина руху тіла, припиняти дію, дія сили, дати обгрунтування, основний закон, обробляти, (представляти) математично, висувати положення, створювати (3) теорію, умови рівноваги.

6. Fill in the gaps and learn the abstract by heart. Motion, influence, provide, prove, define, attempt, cease, belong, treat, put out, create, lever, discover, cause, law, force.

Mechanics studies the conditions of static equilibrium and of the

paths of bodies when acted upon by unbalanced ____. The ____ of bodies is considered in two ways: dynamics is concerned with the ____ of

motion of real bodies, and kinematics deals with the paths of points following specific mathematical ____ of motion. Aristotle explainied everything by ____ things to their natural places. The law of the ____ was first explicitly ____ by the greatest mathematician of antiquity, Archi­medes. His work, “On Floating Bodies”, ____ the study of hydrostatics. The Greek astronomer Ptolemy ____ to represent the real motions of the planets by the system of epicycles in his work “Mathematical Collection”. A Byzantine scholar John Philoponus, proved that the continuing motion of a body after setting it in motion had____. Galileo showed that there was only motion under the ____ of forces, caused by gravity. Newton ____ the basic laws of the new physics. He ____ force as the product of mass and acceleration. Newton also ____the necessary mathematical instrument. Luis Lagrange ____ mechanics as a branch of mathematics. Andre-Marie Ampere ____ aspects of electrical sci­ence that could be treated by

mechanical meth­ods.