Vocabulary

strenth of materials опір матеріалів

behaviour поведінка

beam балка

rivet заклепка

welded joints зварні з’днання

stretch тягнути

shear розривати

twist крутити

bend згинати

strain натяжіння

give way піддаватися

collapse падатиt

data інформація

exert force прикладати силу

concrete бетон

abutment опора моста,межа

rod стрижень

3. Answer the indirect questions on the text. Then make them direct.

1. what the science ─ the strenth of materials deals with? 2. where the

strength-of-materials data are used? 3. what forces act upon the bridge?

4. how the structural parts aredeformed? 5. what is the difference between stress and strain? 6. what bridge designers rely upon? 7. where stress is produced? 7. if / whether there is great distinction between tensile, compressive and shearing strain?

4. Find in the text the equivalents of the Ukrainian words and expressions.

опір матеріалів, галузь техніки, займатися чимось, прикладені сили, в конструюванні машин, зварне з’єднання, яка накладається транспортом, опиратися чомусь, зовнішня сила, діючий фактор, називати, елементи конструкції, витримувати напругу, тягнути, під дією, протилежний, поперічне січення, стрижень, в рівновазі, зміни форми, сталь.

5. Fill in the gaps and learn the abstract by heart.

engi­neering, behavior, designing, withstand, resisted, joints, strains, designers, exerted, shearing,

Strenth of materials is a branch of ____ . It deals with the ____ of materials in response to applied forces. Strength-of-materials data are widely used in ____ machinery, buildings, and other structures. The parts of a bridge, for example, must be strong enough to ____ the various kinds of forces placed on the bridge by traffic, wind, and other agents. These applied forces are ____ by internal forces, called stresses in the bolted, riveted, or welded ____ between parts. Changes of shape, are known as ____. Hence bridge ____ rely on strength-of-materials data to specify suitable materials for the various parts of the bridge. Stress is measured in terms of the force ____ per unit of area. The three main kinds of stress are tensile stress, compressive stress, and ____ stress.