Lesson 2 From the History of Ukraine

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Ukrainian "Cossatstvo" and "Zaporizhyan Sich"

"Zaporizhyan Sich" has always been a symbol of indocility for the Ukrainians. It is our national pride and sacred thing. “Cossack" and "Zaporozhets" are known all over the world.

It was in the 15-18th centuries that Ukrainian men, connected with military service , populated the southern stepps bordering on the Ukrainian lands. Then peasants ran away from rich landlords and joined them. The Cossacks put up their fortresses down the Dnieper, fought the Tatar people. The Cossacks were the bravest, the strongest men. Zaporizhya became the uphold of "Cossachina". The first fortress (sich) is considered to be founded on the island Khortitsa. It was built up by the Prince (Duce) Dmitriy Vishnivetskiy. And he is considered to be the first "Cossack getman". "Getman" is a German word and means the oldest chief. The united society of Cossacks was named "tovaristvo". They considered themselves to be knights. They defended Ukrainian lands, they made free thousands of captivated women, children, young men who were sold by tatars into slavery and were brought to Turkey.The number of the "Cossacks" had been growing and they had become the all - national power (force). They played a great part in the development of Ukraine, in its strengthenning and its might.

Words and combinations

symbol of indocility- символ непокірності

national pride- національна гордість

sacred thing- свята річ

to populate- заселяти

to border- межувати

slavery- рабство

Questions

1) What does “ Zaporizhyan Sich “ mean for the Ukrainians ?

2) Who were cossacks ?

3) Where did they put up their fortresses ?

4) What was the uphold of “ Cossachina “ ?

5) Who was the first getman ?

6) What was called “ tovaristvo “ ?

7) What did they defend ?

8) What part did the Cossacks play in the development of Ukraine ?

Lesson 3

NATIONAL SYMBOLS

Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:

anthem	вишивати
to confirm	стяги, прапори
stripes	тризуб
banners	сміливість, хоробрість
to embroider	свобода
to sew	віршований текст
trident	додавати
seal	гімн
lyrics	справедливість
courage	символізувати
justice	приєднуватись
liberty	печатка, скріпляти печаткою
to join	герб
to add	смуги
to stand for	схвалювати
coat of arms	шити

Complete the following sentences using the facts that you know or try to guess or predict. Check yourself by reading the texts given below:

1. The blue stripe on the Flag of Ukraine means...

2. The yellow stripe on the Ukrainian Flag symbolizes... 3.The National emblem of Ukraine is...

3. The National anthem of Ukraine was written in...

4. There are... crosses and... colours on the National Flag of the U.K.

5. The National Flag of Great Britain is also known as...

6. It was named so because...

7. There are symbols of... countries on the National Flag of the U.K.

8. The National Anthem of Great Britain is more than.... years old.

9. There is a... on the Royal Crest of Great Britain.

10. The two popular names of the American Flag are...

11. In the American Flag red stands for..., white for..., and blue for...

12. The stars and the stripes on the Flag mean...

13. When a new state joins the USA another... is added to the Flag.

14. The National Emblem of the USA is a... eagle.

15. The National Anthem of the USA is...

Read the following texts

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