1. Climate of ukraine
Ukraine
lies in the central part of Europe. It covers an area of 603,7
sq.kms. Its population is 50 mln. people. The capital of Ukraine is
the Hero-city of Kyiv.
The climate of Ukraine is moderate-continental. The year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. It means that winters are rather cold with frost and snow. The usual t is -10-20 degrees below zero. The rivers are frozen, the ground is covered with snow. The people wear warm coats, hats, gloves, scarves and warm boots. The children like to play snowballs, to make a snowman, to ski, to skate, to sledge.
In spring the nature awakens from its long winter sleep. The weather gets milder.
The summer in Ukraine is very warm and dry.It lasts for 3 months: June, July and August. The usual t is nearly +20 - +25 C. The rains are very rare and short. The weather is usually fine. The sun shines brightly, the sky is blue and it is very warm. Sometimes it is hot. A warm wind blows and white clouds slowly float in the clear air. The grass, the bushes and the trees are so green and beautiful, and the flowers are so bright.
The people have vocations. They go to the country, to the river, to the forest. They work in the vegetable gardens. Many vegetables and fruits grow in our climate and ripen: apples, grapes, appricots, water-melons, potatoes, cabbage and others. Autumn is yellow and cool. It rains very often.
Words and combinations
to cover - покривати
moderate-continental - помiрно-континентальний
mild - м’який
to wear - носити
gloves - рукавиці
to awaken - прокидатися
dry - сухий
rare - рідкий
vocation - відпустка
to ripen - достигати
Answer the questions:
1.What is the climate of Ukraine?
2.What can you say about the westen part of the country?
3.What is the climate in the centre?
4.What is the climate in the south?
5.Is the year divided into four seasons?
6.What can you say about winters?
7.What is the usual temperature?
8.What can you say about summer?
9.What is the weather in summer?
10.What do the people grow in this climate?
2. Ukrainian Industry and Agriculture.
Heavy industry (metallurgical, machinebuilding) are situated in Donbass (Makiivka, Jenakievo, Donetsk), in Dnepropetrovsk, in Zaporizzya, in Mariupil.
Chemical industry is developed in such regions as Lugansk, Donetsk Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Kyiv, Cherkasy, Chernigiv and Rivne. Big machinebuilding centres are situated in Charkiv, Kyiv, Donetsk, Lugansk Kramatorsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Mikolayiv, Lviv, Cherson, Kirovograd, Horlivka and Sumy. Paper and furniture industries are developed in Carpathians, in Polissya-region, in Malin, in Kyiv. Ceramic production is produced by 18 plants, in Ternopil, Korosten, Borislav. The enterprises of light industry are situated in every town of Ukraine.
Ukraine is an agricultural country. It has rich black soils. Farmers grow corn, vegetables, fruits. Cattle-farming is developed, too. They gether rich crops of wheat, oats, maize. Potatoes and sugar beets are grown in forest-steppe zone.
Our country supplies fully the people with such products as oil, sugar, vegetable and meat tins, bread and milk.
highly developed - високо розвинена
economy - економіка
power engeneering - енергетика
chemical industry - хімічна промисловість
heavy industry - важка промисловість
paper and furniture ind - паперова та меблева промисловість
ceramic production - керамічне виробництво
enterprize - підприємство
agricultural country - сільськогосподарська країна
black soils - чорнозем
corn - кукурудза
cattle farming - тваринництво
wheat - пшениця
Questions:
What are the main industries of Ukraine?
Where is heavy industry well developed?
Where are the plants of chemical industry?
What can you say about the soils of Ukraine?
What can you say about agriculture?