High - temperature glass electrode type эсп-31-06

The Type ЭСП-31 -06 is designed for measuring pH in conjunction with the transmitter ДП-ОПр2 and high voltage converters for example ПВУ-5256, pH-261.

The instrument can be employed in the cellulose industry (for example, during sulphite welding of cellulose), hydrothermal processes, in energetics as well as in high temperature processes. Besides when used in research work the electrode can provide short-time (10 hr) measuring pH at a temperature up to 200°C within the 1 — 7 pH range.

Specifications

pH measurement range:

at temperature 100°C ... 0-10

at temperature 150°C... 0-8

Operating temperature, °С ... 50-150

Working pressure of analyzed media, kgf/cm²... 0-12

Dimensions, mm: Ø 12 x 165

Weight, kg. ... .50.

Answer the questions:

1. What is the Type ЭCП-31-06 designed for?

2. Where can the instrument be employed?

3. What is the operation temperature of the instrument?

Text 18

Read and translate the text with a dictionary, analyze the words and define the tense forms.

Germanium resistance thermometer tcг - 2

Low temperature semiconductor resistance thermometers are intended for precise measurements in the helium and hydrogen temperature ranges. The construction of the thermometer provides for measuring its resistance in the four-wire circuit. The sensitive element of the thermometer represents a narrow plate with forked end made of alloyed germanium to which gold or platinum terminals are soldered. A metal tube with a sensi­tive element is sealed and filled with helium under a pressure of 100-150 mm Hg at room temperature. The merit of the TCГ-2 thermometer is its high stability (0.01 deg.) under conditions of multiple heatings and coolings.

Specifications

Temperature range…from 2 to 30 ⁰K

Error of temperature measurement…not more than ±0.02 deg.

Answer the questions:

1. What is the Germanium Resistance Thermometer TCГ-2 intended for?

2. What does the construction of the thermometer provide?

3. What does the sensitive element of the thermometer represent?

4. What is the merit of the thermometer?

Text 19

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The concept of electrical current

I n the beginning of the 17th century Sir William GiIbert discovered that many substances could be electrified by friction. Gilbert named this effect electric after the word "electron" — the Greek name for amber. In 1756 the great Russian scientist M. V. Lomonosov was the first to make theoretical analysis of electrical phenomena. At present the nature of electrification is explained by the electron theory. According to the modern theory matter is composed of atoms or tiny particles. There are many kinds of atoms. Each atom consists of a nucleus, a small positively charged mass and a number of lighter negatively charged particles called electrons, which revolve around the nucleus. Normally each atom of substance is electrically neutral, or it has equal amounts of negative and positive charges, i.e. produces no electrical effects.

Answer the questions:

1. Who discovered that many substances could be electrified by friction?

2. How did Gilbert name this effect?

3. How is the nature of electrification explained at present days?

4. What is the chargeof each atom?