Структурные и семантические особенности англоязычных номинаций ювелирных украшений

Выполнила:

Сулима Ангелина,

Студентка 4 курса РГФ

Рассмотрим систему номинаций ювелирных украшений в английском языке.

Она представлена следующими группами слов с компонентами: ring, earring, bracelet, necklace, crown, chain, brooch.

1. Лексико-семантическая группа «Rings»

Ring – а) decorative ornament worn on fingers, toes, arm or neck, b) is a circular band worn as a type of ornamental jewellery around the finger, c) a circular band usually of a precious metal, often set with gems and worn upon the finger as an adornment or as a token of engagement or marriage.

Из данной дефиниции видим, что ring – предмет из металла, обычно золота, в форме обода, круга, со вставками из драгоценных камней. Кольца носят на пальцах в качестве украшения или символа брака, также носят в виде украшения на руках, ногах и шее.

Руководствуясь данным определением, в семной структуре этого термина выделяем следующие семантические признаки:

«подарок по случаю праздника, события»

«символ власти, веры, принадлежности к какой-либо группе»

«украшения для тела»

Среди ювелирных изделий с компонентом ring преобладают двух- и трехсловные номинации с прямой родовой номинацией ring в названии: Claddagh ring, Gimmal ring, Posie ring, Pre-engagement ring, Regards ring, Dearest ring, Ring enhancers, Wrap ring, Insert ring, Doctoral ring, Iron Ring, Championship ring, Aqiq ring, Birthstones ring, Dinner ring Rainbow ring, Mood ring, Ecclesiastical ring, Rosary ring, The Ring of the Fisherman, Eternity ring, Friendship ring, Promise ring, Purity ring, Wedding ring, Signet ring, Sovereign ring, Memorial ring, Mother's ring, Mourning ring, Finger armor ring, Multi-finger ring, Pinky ring, Puzzle ring, Poison ring, Tension ring, The Iffland-Ring, The Hans-Reinhart-Ring, The Chemists' Ring, Skull Ring, The Super Bowl ring, Arm ring, Neck rings, Toe ring, Temple rings.

Существуют также номинации, не содержащие лексему ring: Brass Rat, Kakute, Torc.

1. Лексемы с видовым компонентом «engagement ring»:

Engagement ring - a ring given to and worn by a woman signifying her engagement to be married, can feature diamonds or other gemstones.

1. Claddagh ring - an Irish friendship, courtship or engagement ring. It is traditionally used to indicate the state of romantic availability. In recent times it is commonly worn as a wedding ring. In centuries past, this ring was bequeathed from mother to daughter, though men also wore it.

2. Gimmal ring – an engagement ring made of 2 or 3 hoops that are hinged at the back and meant to interlock and open

3. Posie ring (love ring) – a ring with a short inscription on its outer surface, a simple gold band engraved with a brief sentiment or poem on the outside. These were commonly used as engagement and even wedding rings or simply as a means of showing regard or giving a gift.

4. Pre-engagement ring – a small, inexpensive ring given to a partner, to signify a commitment to relationship, often as a precursor to an engagement ring. Promise rings can be worn on any finger, but those symbolizing pre-engagement are generally worn on the left ring finger; sometimes, the left middle finger or right ring finger is used instead to prevent confusion with an actual engagement ring.

5. Regards ring – a Victorian engagement ring with an implicit acrostic: Ruby, Emerald, Garnet, Amethyst, Ruby, Diamond, Sapphire

6. Dearest ring – a Victorian style romantic ring with six different types of gemstone, that is most commonly used as an unusual style of engagement ring. The term 'dearest' is an acronym, encompassing the different types of stone on the ring. These are: Diamond, Emerald, Amethyst, Ruby, Emerald, Sapphire, Topaz

7. Ring enhancers – uniquely designed rings, created to be worn with solitaire diamond rings. The sole purpose of a ring enhancer is to complement a diamond solitaire ring with additional diamonds or gemstones, in order to enhance the size and appearance of a solitaire engagement ring. When worn together, the two rings appear to be a single, multi-stone ring. Popular styles of ring enhancers include wrap rings and insert rings.

   1. Wrap ring – a single band, contoured to fit around a solitaire diamond ring, displaying additional diamonds on both sides of the center stone. This type of enhancer literally wraps around the solitaire diamond, without completely encircling the center stone.

   2. Insert ring – usually a split, double band which provides a gap between the two bands for the diamond solitaire ring to slide into. With this style of enhancer, accent stones frequently completely encircle the center stone.