- •Английский язык
- •Часть 1. Business letters 31
- •Часть 2. Emails 80
- •Содержание зачета
- •Содержание экзамена
- •Оценка письменных тестов
- •Модуль I. Telephoning Учебный элемент 1 (уэ – 1) Telephoning – making and taking calls
- •In the dialogue below Celine Perez (cp) calls Maurice Cassidy (mc) on his direct line.
- •In the second dialogue below Monika phones a company to ask about their market research services. She speaks first to the receptionist.
- •1. Try to remember the words below. (The last letters have been given.)
- •3. We often use a past tense to make our language polite or indirect (to make the other person feel they are under no pressure).
- •4. Underline the alternative in italics below that is more natural.
- •5. Look at phrases a-e then mark the statements below True (t) or False (f).
- •6. Look at phrases a-d then answer the questions below.
- •7. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 2 (уэ – 2) Telephoning – messages
- •In the dialogue below the caller (c) wants to speak to someone who isn't available. The receptionist (r) takes the call.
- •In the next dialogue the caller (c) gets through to a secretary (s).
- •2. Underline the correct words in italics.
- •3. Put the words in the right order. Write the answers under the correct heading below.
- •4. Put the dialogue between secretary and caller into the correct order.
- •5. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 3 (уэ – 3) Telephoning – checking, clarifying, active listening
- •In the next dialogue Erik has some good news for Maria.
- •1 Make phrases by matching an item from each column.
- •2. Fill in the letters to make phrasal verbs. The definitions are given to help you.
- •3. 'Active listening' is very important in a telephone call. Put the phrases in the box under the most appropriate heading in the table at the top of the next column.
- •4. Use a word or phrase from exercise 3 to complete these telephone responses. Find a solution that uses one example from each category except 'Little words and noises'.
- •5. Erik ends the first dialogue by saying 'ok, I have to go now. I have another call to make'. Put the words below into order to make other phrases to end a call.
- •6 Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 4 (уэ – 4) Telephoning – arranging a meeting
- •In the dialogue below Monika (m) calls Liviu (l) to arrange a meeting.
- •In the next dialogue Liviu's secretary (s) calls Monika (m) to change the arrangements.
- •1. In the telephone call below, Andy (a) calls Bulent (b) to arrange a meeting. Comptete the dialogue with the words in the box.
- •2. In the next call, Bulent calls Andy to change the arrangements. Complete the dialogue with the words in the box.
- •3. Can you fill in the missing word?
- •4. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 5 (уэ – 5) Telephoning – complaints
- •In the next dialogue Sandra returns the customer's call.
- •1. Make phrases by matching the beginning of each sentence 1 – 12 with its correct ending a – l. Not all the phrases appear opposite.
- •3. Make phrases by matching an item from each column.
- •6. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 6 (уэ – 6) Telephoning – review
- •1. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box.
- •2. Match each phrase 1-8 with a phrase a-h with a similar meaning.
- •3. Complete the conversation below using phrases from the previous exercise. The conversation is betweer a receptionist (r), а secretary (s) and а caller (c).
- •4. Complete the conversation using the words in brackets. Nikos (n) calls Mr Slavicek (s). The receptionist (r) answers.
- •5. Read the dialogue about arranging a meeting. Choose the best variant to fill the gaps below.
- •Часть 1.
- •1.1. Interfon looks for new agents
- •1.2. Arabian Electronics replies
- •1.3. Parts of a letter
- •1.4. Beginning a letter
- •1.5. Ending a letter
- •1.6. Practice
- •1.7. Letter practice
- •1B Activity section: a business trip
- •Учебный элемент 2 (уэ – 2) Referring, giving good / bad news, saying what you can and cannot do, giving reasons
- •2A Study section
- •2.1. Two letters giving news
- •2.2. Referring
- •2.3. Giving good / bad news
- •2.4. Saying what you can and cannot do:
- •2.5. Giving reasons:
- •2.6. Letter practice
- •2B Activity section: Holiday time
- •Учебный элемент 3 (уэ – 3) Requesting action, apologising, requesting information, telexes
- •3A Study section
- •3.1. Constucciones Jimenez ask about delivery
- •3.2. Requesting action
- •3.3. Apologising
- •3.4. Construcciones Jimenez writes to Haga Verktyg again
- •3.5. Requesting information
- •3.6. Letter practice
- •Учебный элемент 4 (уэ – 4) Making a mild complaint, making a point, warning, making a strong complaint
- •4A Study section:
- •4.1. Intercity Bank writes to complain
- •4.2. Making a mild complaint
- •4.3. Letter practice
- •4.4. Making a point
- •4.5. Intercity Bank has to write again
- •4.6. Warning
- •4.7. Making a strong complaint
- •4.8. Letter practice
- •4B Activity section: Who’s responsible?
- •Учебный элемент 5 (уэ – 5) Personal business letters
- •5A Study section
- •5.1. Michael Kennedy sends out some brochures
- •5.2. Making a letter more personal
- •5.3. Personal business letters: the opening
- •5.4. Personal business letters: saying why you are writing
- •5.5. Personal business letters: the close
- •5.6. Practice
- •5.7. Letter practice
- •5B Activity section: Repair or replace?
- •Учебный элемент 6 (уэ – 6)
- •Informal business letters
- •6A Study section
- •6.1. Michael Kennedy writes to some business friends
- •6.2. Informal business letters
- •6.5. Practice
- •6.6. Letter practice
- •6B Activity section: a credit check
- •Учебный элемент 7 (уэ – 7) Revision and consolidation
- •7A Study section:
- •7.2. Here is Margaret Russell’s diary for August 18 and 19.
- •7.3. After their meeting, Nigel Westwood wrote to Margaret Russell to confirm the details of their discussion and tell her that he was waiting for her order. Here is part of his letter.
- •7.4. Some days later, Margaret Russell made out her first order for the books.
- •7.5. Margaret Russell’s next task was to write the circular sales letters. First, she made notes about the encyclopaedia from the information that Nigel Westwood had given her.
- •7.6. Some days later, Margaret Russell received some bad news from Nigel Westwood.
- •7.7. When Margaret Russell received Nigel Westwood’s letter she was very angry. She decided to write a strong complaint. Here are her notes for the letter.
- •7B Activity section: a trade fair
- •Часть 2. Emails Учебный элемент 1 (уэ – 1) Emails – basics
- •1. Make phrases by matching an item from each column.
- •2. Look at the numbered paragraphs in the four emails. Write one of the paragraph types in the box on each line below. The paragraph types can be used more than once.
- •Complete the three emails below with words from the box.
- •You work for an international pharmaceutical company with a best-selling heart drug. You’re part of an international team, preparing a report on competitors’ products woridwide.
- •Personalization. Write two emails similar to ones that you have to write in your own real-life job. Учебный элемент 2 (уэ – 2) Emails – internal communication
- •1. Complete the very short emails below using these words: advance, co-operation, know, let, 'll, quick note, please, remind, say.
- •2. Now try to remember the words below. (Some letters have been given).
- •3. Put the words below into the correct order. Write all the answers under the correct heading below.
- •4. Complete each sentence 1 – 8 with the best ending a – h.
- •Personalization. Write two emails similar to ones that you have to write in your own real-life job. Учебный элемент 3 (уэ – 3) Emails – commercial
- •In the exchange of emails below a customer makes an enquiry and the supplier replies:
- •In email 3 the customer confirms details that have been covered in previous discussions.
- •1. Now try to remember the words below. (Some letters have been given).
- •2. Write one of the sets of initials in the box next to each phrase below.
- •3. Make phrases by matching an item from each column.
- •4. Use the phrases from ex.3 to complete the exchange of emails below.
- •Учебный элемент 4 (уэ – 4) Emails – customer issues
- •In the email below a supplier is forced to give some bad news to a potential customer:
- •In the next email a customer makes a complaint. In reply, the supplier apologizes and promises action.
- •1. Rewrite the sentences below with the correct word order, beginning as shown.
- •2. Write sentence numbers 1 to 8 from the previous exercise in the boxes below:
- •3. Study the strong complaint below. Try to guess the single missing word in each gap. Write your answers lightly at the side. Several answers may be possible.
- •Учебный элемент 5 (уэ – 5) Emails – arranging a visit
- •1. Complete each sentence 1 – 8 with the best ending a – h.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the prepositions in the box.
- •3. Cross out the one word in each group that is not correct. Check any unknown words in a dictionary.
- •4. Marcus is telling a story about his business trip. Fill in the missing letters.
- •5. The email below gives directions. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box.
- •Учебный элемент 6 (уэ – 6) Emails – review
- •1. Fill in the gaps with verbs from the box.
- •2. Give the numbers of sentences 1-10 from exercise1 .
- •3. Complete this internal email and the reply with the words in the box.
- •4. Match each formal phrase 1-14 with an informal phrase a-n.
- •5. Fill in the gaps with words from the box.
- •1. Make phrases from the presentation by matching an item from each column.
- •2. There are many ways to create an impact in the first few minutes of a presentation. Match techniques 1 – 8 with phrases a – h.
- •3 Make presentation phrases by using a verb 1-12 with the words a-l.
- •4. Create different ways to open a presentation, using the verbs in the box.
- •5. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 2(уэ – 2) Presentations – main body
- •1. Now try to remember the words below. Some letters have been given.
- •2. Complete the presentation extract with the words in the box. It is an alternative version of the presentation opposite.
- •3. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 3 (уэ – 3) Presentations – closing and questions
- •Invite questions
- •1. Complete this extract from the close of a presentation with the words in the box. It is an internal presentation about departmental reorganization.
- •2. Study the phrases for dealing with questions below. Try to guess the single missing word in each gap.
- •3. Match phrases 1 – 14 from the previous exercise to the techniques below.
- •4. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 4 (уэ – 4) Presentations – trends 1
- •3. Write the adjectives in the box in the correct space below. Check any unknown words in a dictionary.
- •5. Fill in the missing prepositions in the presentation extract below.
- •6. Underline the correct forms in italics. Each verb form is used once.
- •Учебный элемент 5 (уэ – 5) Presentations – trends II
- •1. Find and correct the one mistake in each sentence below. It could be a missing word, an extra word, or a wrong word.
- •3. The future is not certain, and to make forecasts for trends you need other language that shows different degrees of probability.
- •Учебный элемент 6 (уэ – 6) Presentations – review
- •1. Match the beginning of each phrase 1-10 with its correct ending a-j.
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the words in the box.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the pairs of words in the box.
- •4. Underline the correct words in italics in this extract from an internal presentation.
- •1. Underline the correct words in italics.
- •2. Look at the extracts from meetings below. Write a phrase from the box next to a phrase in italics with the same meaning. Be careful!
- •3. Write one of these next to each sentence below: Polite disagreement, Strong disagreement, Not gramaticaily possible.
- •4. Put the phrases below into order: 1 is the most polite disagreement, and 4 is the strongest disagreement.
- •5. ‘I think we need to make an emotional connection with consumers.' Study the different replies a-g and then do the exercise below.
- •6. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 2 (уэ – 2) Meetings – making things clear
- •1. Read the dialogue aloud several times. Now try to remember some of the missing words below. Write your answers lightly at the side.
- •2. Fill in the missing letters.
- •3. A team leader is speaking in a conference call, but a colleague (Bob) doesn't understand very well. Complete Bob's questions with the words in the box.
- •5. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 3 (уэ – 3) Meetings – problem-solving
- •1. Ttry to remember the words below. (Some letters have been given).
- •2. Make phrases by matching an item from each column.
- •3. Write the phrase numbers from the previous exercise in the correct category below:
- •4. Complete the table by writing these nouns next to the verbs they go with: a suggestion, a decision, a problem, a solution. Check any unknown words in a dictionary.
- •5. Fill each gap with a verb from the previous exercise in the correct form.
- •6. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 4 (уэ – 4) Meetings – leading a meeting
- •1. Complete the sentences from the opening of a meeting with the pairs of words in the box.
- •2. Find a word or phrase from the previous exercise that matches the definitions below:
- •3. Write BrE (British English) or AmE (American English) on the right line.
- •4. Make phrases to close a meeting by matching an item from each column.
- •5. Put the words into order. Write the answers under the correct heading below.
- •6. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 5 (уэ – 5) Meetings – negotiating
- •1. Read the dialogue aloud several times, then cover it with a piece of paper. Now try to remember some of the missing words below. Write your answers lightly at the side.
- •2. Complete the four mini-dialogues with the words and phrases in the box.
- •Учебный элемент 6 (уэ – 6) Meetings – negotiating II
- •1. Fill in the missing letters.
- •2. Find a word from the previous exercise that means:
- •3. Complete the sentences with the pairs of words in the box.
- •6. Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 7 (уэ – 7) Meetings – diplomatic language
- •Version 1: direct
- •Version 2: softer, more indirect
- •1. Match what you think 1 – 10 with what you say a – j.
- •2. Make the comments more diplomatic using the words in brackets.
- •3. Look at line 4 of Version 2
- •5 Speaking practice: listen and repeat. Repeat each phrase you hear and then listen to check. Учебный элемент 8 (уэ – 8)
- •1. Fill in the missing letters in this extract from a meeting. Four people speak: the chair, Marek, Camille and Adriana.
- •2. Complete this negotiating dialogue with the words and phrases in the box.
- •3 Make the comments more diplomatic using the words in brackets.
- •Литература
- •Attachment 1 effective communication
- •1. Complete each of the following sentences with in, on or for. There are two possible answers for number 2. You can then make similar sentences about yourself and your job.
- •2. Fill in the missing words in the sentences below. Choose from the words in the box. You can then use similar sentences to talk about your company.
- •4. Choose one word or phrase from the box to complete each sentence.
- •7. Match the business cards (a – l) with the job descriptions (1 – 12).
- •8. Match the descriptions (a-m) with the personality adjectives (1-13).
- •9. These pairs of words describe employee qualities and performance. From the words on the right, choose a synonym for each adjective (1 – 12).
- •10. Write the negative forms of the following adjectives using the prefixes un- (11 examples), in- (7 examples), dis- (3 examples), ir- (1 example) or im- (1 example).
- •11. Match the terms on the right (a – r) with their equivalents on the left (1 – 18).
- •12. Business idioms
- •13. Business verbs
- •14. Business word families 1
- •15. Problem pairs
- •16. Business documents 2
- •Invoice mailshot memo minutes newsletter order form
- •17. Business letters
- •18. Production 2: from factory to home.
- •19. Business and the economy.
- •Attachment 2 business english
- •1. Who’s who in finance
- •2. What’s what in finance
- •3. Word families
- •4. Financial documents
- •5. Types of company
- •6. Introducing key terms in financial planning
- •7. Identifying costs
- •8. What’s a master budget?
- •9. Cash terms
- •10. Sales forecasting
- •11. Price – demand relationship
- •The Crown slips – us truck giant drops top seller
- •12. Key terms in managing company finances
- •13. Setting up a business
- •14. Overheads
- •Insurance Administration
- •Vehicles Equipment
- •15. Cashflow problems and other difficulties
- •16. Financial control
- •17. If the price is right …
- •18. Operations control
- •Operational control brings financial rewards
- •19. Other aspects of profitability
- •20. Key terms in measuring financial performance
- •21. The balance sheet
- •22. Key economic terms
- •23. Accounting
- •24. Phrases
- •25. Banking
- •26. Buying and selling
- •27. Profit and loss
- •28. Businesses
- •29. Partnerships
- •30. Taxes
- •31. Funds
- •32. Cost analysis
- •33. Cost ascertainment: word building
- •34. New markets: prepositions
- •35. Budgeting
- •36. Performance: phrasal verbs
- •37. Pricing
- •38. Confusing words
- •39. Investment
- •40. Decisions: word building
3. Write the adjectives in the box in the correct space below. Check any unknown words in a dictionary.
disappointing encouraging enormous excellent gradual moderate rapid slight sluggish |
FAST 1___________________ 2___________________ 3___________________ SLOW |
BIG 4___________________ 5___________________ 6___________________ SMALL |
GOOD NEWS 7___________________ 8___________________ 9___________________ BAD NEWS |
4. Rewrite the verb + adverb sentences as noun + adjective sentences.
1 Sales grew slowly.
There was ___slow growth___ in sales.
2 Costs rose significantly.
There was a _______________________ in costs.
3 Profits deteriorated rapidly.
We saw a _________________________________ in profits.
4 Market share improved slightly.
We had a_________________________________ in market share.
5 Our sales forecasts varied considerably.
There was a __________________________________ in our sales forecasts.
5. Fill in the missing prepositions in the presentation extract below.
After the marketing campaign at the start of March sales rose 1 ___________ an initial figure 2 ______________ €4.5m 3 _________________ €5.2m by June. That means they went up 4 ___________ 15 %, the biggest increase 5 ___________ sales of any recent campaign. They currently stand 6 _____________ €4.9m.
Note: the preposition in #4 is often missed out in speech.
6. Underline the correct forms in italics. Each verb form is used once.
So far this year we 1saw / have seen a lot of volatility in the financial markets. The current situation in the world economy 2is causing / had caused a great deal of uncertainty in the minds of investors. No-one knows what the future 3will bring / is bringing. Last year things were very different: everyone 4 has been / was optimistic and the markets 5 were rising / have risen. Of course we know now that our current problems 6 have already begun / had already begun well before last year.
Учебный элемент 5 (уэ – 5) Presentations – trends II
In a presentation or report you will probably also have to give some analysis. You may want to give reasons for the trends, to show their results, or to give additional information.
Read this extract from an internal presentation, analyzing recent sales figures.
1Sales for the first half of the year were disappointing, mainly because of the lack of new product lines. 2However, we launched two new lines in June and promoted them with a strong marketing campaign over the summer. 3As a result of this campaign, sales began to improve. 4By the end of August they were 10 % higher on a year-on-year basis, although they fell back again over September and October.
Sentence 1 has the structure 'result' (disappointing sales) 'reason' (lack of new product lines). Sentence 3 has the structure 'reason' (this campaign) 'result' (sales began to improve). The words because of, as a result of and due to can all be used in sentence 1 and sentence 3 in a similar way.
Sentence 2 begins with however, and this word adds an idea that is surprising or unexpected after the previous sentence. The words however, nevertheless and even so can all be used in a similar way. They're all followed by a comma.
Sentence 4 has although in the middle of the sentence. This word introduces an idea that is surprising after a previous idea in the same sentence. Compare with However which refers back to a different sentence.
Although can also be used at the beginning of a sentence, but the two contrasting ideas are still in the same sentence: Although sales were higher at the end of August, they fell back again in September. The words although and even though can be used in a similar way.
Now lead this next extract from the same presentation.
5This drop in sales over September and October led to a series of meetings where we examined our whole strategy in depth. 6Christmas was approaching, and the Christmas season produces a large part of our annual sales. 7Moreover, we were losing market share to our main competitor. 8As a result, we increased our advertising budget for November and December, and changed our use of different media. 9Outdoor advertising on billboards, buses and bus stops increased, while our advertising in magazines and newspapers decreased.
Sentence 5 has the structure 'reason' (drop in sales) 'result' (series of meetings). The sentence uses the verb 'lead to' to express this. The verbs lead to and result in can be used in a similar way.
Sentence 7 uses Moreover to give additional information that supports the previous sentence. The words Moreover Furthermore and In addition can all be used in a similar way. They're all followed by a comma.
Sentence 8 uses As a result to give the result of the previous sentence. The words As a result, Because of this and Therefore can all be used in a similar way. They're all followed by a comma.
Sentence 9 has while in the middle of the sentence. This makes a simple contrast between two facts. (Compare with although where there is a sense of surprise.) The words while and whereas can be used in a similar way.
The table below presents all this language together. Note that some words like Because of and In spite of are followed immediately by a noun phrase, while other words like Because and In spite of the fact that are followed by a subject + verb:
Because of the marketing campaign in June, sales increased.
Because we had a marketing campaign in June, sales increased.
In spite of the poor weather in July, sales ...
In spite of the fact that there was poor weather in July, sales ...
The phrases you need
Reason result (ie cause consequence)
Because of / Due to / As a result of + noun phrase, ...
Because / Due to the fact that + subject + verb, ...
referring to the previous sentence;
Because of this, / As a result, / Therefore, ...
using a verb: lead to I result in ...
Result reason (ie consequence cause)
... because of I as a result of! due to ...
using a verb: result from ...
Making a simple contrast
..., while / whereas ...
Adding a surprising or unexpected idea
However, / Nevertheless, / Even so, ...
In spite of / Despite + noun phrase, ...
In spite of the fact that / Despite the fact that + subject + verb, ...
... , although / even though ... Although / Even though ... , ...
Giving additional information
Moreover, /Furthermore, / In addition, ...
Exercises