24. Describe the Feedback principle? Give the example Feedback is the response by the system to the actions of the user. clearly indicates the. Button was pushed

25. Describe the Information Processing Model? Conceptualizes human performance in metaphorical terms of information processing stages. Information Processing Model: The Information Processing Model is a framework used by cognitive psychologists to explain and describe mental processes. The model likens the thinking process to how a computer works. Just like a computer, the human mind takes in information, organizes and stores it to be retrieved at a later time.

26. What is Fitt’s Law? Fitts’ Law refers to the relationship between the time needed to move to a target and the target size and distance. The smaller and more distant the target, the longer it takes to move to a resting position over it. Tpoint = IM log2 (Distance/Size + 0.5)

27. What is homing (connected to Fitt’s Law)? The movement of the hand from the keyboard to the mouse, or vice-versa, (called homing) has been measured to be about 400 msec.

28. Describe the WIMP concept? Graphic Based Operatig Systems . WIMP stands for "windows, icons, menus, pointer", denoting a style of interaction using these elements of the user interface.

29. What is Accessibility principle?

30. What is Visibility principle?(by donald norman) Visibility: It Should Be Obvious What a Control Is Used For. If I press this button, what will happen? If I want to unlock the door, which control should I use? A system with good visibility allows the user to easily translate goals into actions.

31. What is Eye-Tracking test?

Eyetracking research uses special equipement to detect exactly where people's eyes are focused when they look at a computer screen. This form of  usability research makes it easier to understand what part of a design users are attracted to, and which parts they tend to overlook. 

We've used eyetracking to analyze user behavior on many different types of interfaces, and some of our findings are described in the articles below.

32. What is “7+/-2 Principle”? How can we apply it in design process? George Miller’s theory of how much information people can remember. People’s immediate memory capacity is very limited. Many designers have been led to believe that this is useful finding for interaction design. Present only 7 options on a menu. Display only 7 icons on a tool bar. Have no more than 7 bullets in a list. Place only 7 items on a pull down menu. Place only 7 tabs on the top of a website page.

33. Describe the “Rule of 2 seconds”? How can we apply it in design process? Правило 2х секунд.

Чем меньше пользователь ждет отклика программы, сайта или приложения, тем больше вероятность того, что он не откажется от использования этого продукта. 2 секунды – это оптимальный временной интервал отклика программы, именно к нему стоит стремиться. Than less user waits for a response of the program, a site or the appendix, subjects a high probability of that he won't refuse use of this product. 2 seconds are an optimum time interval of a response of the program, it is worth aspiring to it.

34. Describe the “Rule of three clicks”? How can we apply it in design process? Правило 3х кликов.

Никому не нравится серфить страницы, в поисках необходимой информации и функционала. У посетителя должна быть возможность попасть с главной страницы на любую другую страницу сайта, сделав не более 3-х кликов. Это способствует и более успешной индексации сайта поисковыми роботами. It is pleasant to nobody серфить pages, in search of necessary information and functionality. The visitor has to have an opportunity to get from the main page on any other page of a site, having made no more than 3 clicks. It promotes also to more successful indexation of a site by search robots.

35. Describe the “Pareto Principle”? How can we apply it in design process? Правило Парето (правило 80/20) Данное правило относится не только к интернет-технологиям. Суть правила: 80% эффективности – это 20% действий. Так, согласно правилу, 20 процентов посетителей веб-сайта дают владельцу 80 процентов прибыли. The rule Pareto (rule 80/20) This rule belongs not only to Internet technologies. The essence governed: 80% of efficiency are 20% of actions. So, according to the rule, 20 percent of visitors of the website give to the owner of 80 percent of profit.

36. What is “Banner blindness”? Практика показывает, что увеличение количества рекламных баннеров не влияет на повышение суммы кликов: пользователи часто стараются игнорировать баннерную рекламу, блокируют показ рекламы в браузерах. Особенно бесполезны так называемые анимированные баннеры – при поиске на странице веб-сайта необходимой информации именно данный вид рекламы вызывает наибольшее раздражение.

37. How does the HCI connect to other sciences?

Human Factor (Ergonomics, Cognitive Psychology), Computer Sciences (Mechanical/Electrical Engineering), Interaction Design (Architecture, Information design, Graphic Design, Industrial design)

38. Know all inventions and discoveries of the important personas in the history of computers and HCI

39. What is the conceptual model of the product?

About how the system will appear to users (i.e. how they will understand it)

40. What is the Interface metaphor? Give examples. Explain the benefits of interface metaphors

Interface designed to be similar to a physical entity but also has own properties e.g. desktop metaphor, web portals

Exploit user’s familiar knowledge, helping them to understand ‘the unfamiliar’

Benefits of IM:

Makes learning new systems easier

Helps users understand the underlying conceptual modelWhat is interaction type? Which types you know?

What the user is doing when interacting with a system, e.g. instructing, talking, browsing or other

• Giving instructions

• Conversing

• Manipulating and navigating

• Exploring and browsing