England

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make up v курорт

industrial adj производство шерсти

densely populated adj судостроительная отрасль

coast n автомобиль

protection n вагон,электровоз

outside adj побережье

fishing n составлять

flat adj булавка

resort n машиностроительная отрасль

stretch v защита

wool industry n железная руда

cotton industry n пуговица

iron ore n промышленный

steel industry n рыболовство

heavy machinery industry n производство хлопка

shipbuilding industry n густо населенный

chief adj простираться

motor car n производство стали

railway engine n плоский, равнинный

pin n поселение

button n сельскохозяйственный

farming adj главный

settlement n внешний, посторонний

Text

The name “England” is derived from the Old English name Engla land, which means “land of the Angles”. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the 5^th and 6^th centuries. The first known use of “England” occurs in 897. An alternative name for England is Albion. The word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. It either derives from the Latin albus meaning “white”, a reference to the white cliffs of Dover, the only part of Britain visible from the European Continent; or from the Celtic language meaning “mountains”.

The Kingdom of England (including Wales since the thirteenth century) was a separate state until 1707 (when England and Scotland formed the Kingdom of Great Britain).

Of the four parts which make up Great Britain, England is the largest and the most densely populated part. Its population is over 52 million people (about 84% of the UK’s population). The greatest concentrations of population are in Greater London (the City of London and 32 London boroughs comprise over 8mln people), in Birmingham, Manchester and north-west industrial cities.

The coasts of England are washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel. Sea has been important in the history of England. It was a good protection against the attacks of outside peoples. Fishing has always been an important industry, especially in the east. The rivers are of great importance for communication and for carrying goods.

England is mostly a lowland country. There are upland regions in the north and southwest, but the rest of the country is almost flat. The Lake District in Northern England with its lakes, mountains and valleys is a favourite holiday area.

The wool industry is centred in Leeds and Bradford; the cotton industry - in Manchester; iron ore goes to the steel, heavy machinery and shipbuilding industries of Newcastle and other cities. The industries of the Midlands, with Birmingham as its chief city, produce metal goods, from motor cars and railway engines to pins and buttons. The Midlands plain makes good farm land; there are low hills and valleys there.

The Tudor rose.

The Tudor Rose (sometimes called the Union Rose) is the traditional floral heraldic emblem of England and takes its name and origins from the Tudor dynasty. When Henry Tudor took the crown of England from Richard III in battle, he brought about the end of the Wars of the Roses between the House of Lancaster (whose badge was a red rose) and the House of York (whose badge was a white rose). His father was Edmund Tudor from the House of Richmond, and his mother was Margaret Beaufort from the house of Lancaster; he married Elizabeth of York to bring all factions together. On his marriage, Henry adopted the Tudor Rose badge conjoining the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster.