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6. Определите способы выражения подлежащего и сказуемого в следующих предложениях.

1. Many great men in England have been buried in Westminster Abbey. 2. Everyone is ready to help him. 3. Our cosmonauts have spent hundreds of hours in outer space. 4. One needn’t go to a post-office to send a letter. 5. To send letters from one community to another was connecting these two towns. 7. It is autumn. 8. He was late for the train. 9. It has been raining for 2 days. 10. He began to prepare for exams. 11. She stopped crying and looked at me hopefully. 12. He is considered to be a clever man. 13. His work is interesting and important. 14. Jack has to take a taxi.

7. Определите безличные предложения из числа приведенных ниже.

1. It is my room. 2. It is the shortest month of the year. 3. It is warmer today that it was yesterday. 4. Is it necessary to go there? 5. It was then that he made his famous discovery. 6. It’s a fine day today. 7. It’s a pleasure to walk to the forest on such a day. 8. It is my pen. 9. It is difficult to study French. 10. It was Mendeleev who discovered the Periodic Law of Elements.11. It is important not to miss classes. 12. Is it hot in summer?

Get talking

  1. Give a summary of the text in 150 words.

  2. Imagine you are a future skilled engineer. Say some words about "The present state of building construction ". Your talk should last a minute.

Lesson 16-17

Architectural design of a building

Grammar: Participle II

1. Complete the following words from the text;

Or_ntat_n, so_l, ne_es_ary, tr_nsp_tation, fou_d_tion, su_fi_ent, bo_tom, _xcav_tion, _are_ul_y, desi_er, gr_und, s_fa_e, pr_cti__al, _on_ider_tion, s__ve_, d_men_ion.

2. Write all the following nouns in plural:

A construction, a building, water, a plan, a problem, a land, a style, a foundation, a wall, a level, a floor, soil, a man, a rock, a ceiling, thickness, a bottom, a line, gas, power.

3. Find all the sentences from the text with the forms of the verb "to be". Copy them in your exercise-books.

4. Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:

  • Soil is a very important problem in the building of any house.

  • This is the "style" which the building is to be planned in, in other words, its exterior.

  • There is a number of practical considerations which will affect the design.

  • Now we shall consider the separate parts of a building.

  • Beneath may be a ledge of soil rock.

5. Translate from Russian into English:

  1. Земля может иметь достаточную глубину плодородной почвы, под слоем которой может быть слой скалистой почвы, что является причиной дорогих раскопок под основания зданий.

  2. Проблема транспортировки существует на протяжении всего периода строительства.

  3. При строительстве необходимо учитывать, есть ли кана­лизация, проведена ли вода, таз и электричество, и как можно их использовать.

  4. Обзорный план участка земли показывает точный размер коллектора и наличие воды, света и газа.

  5. Дополнительная толщина стены в основании может быть достигнута за счет утолщения основания.