Безличные предложения

Поскольку в английском языке в предложении должно быть подлежащее и сказуемое, то в безличном предложении употребляется формальное подлежащее. Выражается оно местоимением it, которое на русский язык не переводится.

It is winter. Зима.

It is hot. Жарко.

It is warm. Тепло.

It often rains in autumn. Осенью часто идут дожди.

It is nine o` clock. Девять часов.

It is two kilometers to the river. До реки два километра.

Text 1*

Vocabulary №10

оwn – собственный weather – погода

hot – жарко to swim – плавать

outdoors – на открытом воздухе to lie in the sun –загорать

berries – ягоды vegetables – овощи

rain – дождь сold – холодный

leaves – листья wind – ветер

to blow – дуть to fall – падать

snow – cнег nature – природа

to ski – ходить на лыжах to awaken – просыпаться

to skate – кататься на коньках grass – трава

to sledge – кататься на санках generally – вообще

There are four seasons in a year. They are winter, spring, summer and autumn. Every season has its own charm and is good in its own way.

Summer is my favourite season. Students have their holidays. The weather is usually fine. It is hot and sunny. I like to swim, lie in the sun, be outdoors with my friends. There are a lot of berries, fruit and vegetables.

Autumn brings rains and cold weather. The lea­ves on the trees are bright. They are yellow, red, green and brown. The strong wind blows and the leaves fall from the trees. Many poets like this season. There are a lot of fruits in the gardens.

I t is very cold in winter. There is much snow in the streets. People ski and skate and children sledge in winter.

Nature awakens in spring. We enjoy the first grass, green leaves and the first flowers. The days become longer.

Generally, I like every season, because it brings some changes in weather and our life.

Exercise №1. Вставьте пропущенные слова.

1. There are ... in a year.

2. Every season is good in its … .

3. I like to be … with my friends.

4. The ... on the trees are bright.

5. The strong wind ... and the leaves ... from the trees.

6. There is much ... in winter.

7. Nature … in spring.

Exercise №2. Расскажите о своем любимом времени года, используя данные вопросы.

1. What is your favourite season?

2. What is the weather like?

3. Are the days short or long?

4. Does the sun shine brightly?

5. What do you like to do?

6. Are there fruit, vegetables or berries?

7. Is it a nice season? Why do you think so?

Text 2**

Vocabulary

fall of snow снегопад frost мороз

to have a tramp бродить lanes дорожки

sliding скользящий snowballs снежки

fog туман a pond пруд

to be covered покрываться ice лед

to wear одевать, носить to sparkle сиять

to striр раздеть, снять icicles сосульки

bare голые mud грязь

thaw оттепель rays лучи

milder теплее meadows луга

to float плыть dewdrops капли росы

raindrops дождевые капли a blade побег

to cut косить hay сено

thunder гроза lighting молния

hail град crops урожай

an orchard фруктовый сад a passerby прохожий

a mackintosh дождевик iron сталь

to splash разбрызгивать a branch ветка

The year is divided into four seasons: spring, autumn, winter and summer. In winter there has been a good fall of snow and a hard frost. It`s just the day for a good country walk: let`s have a tramp down the country lanes. We can see crowds of people sliding and skating on ponds and here is a merry group of schoolboys having a fight with snowballs. In winter we may get fog, sleet and frost. Ponds, rivers and lakes are frozen, and the roads are sometimes covered with slippery ice or deep snow. The ground is like iron and rings under our feet. The snow sparkles on the branches and icicles hang from the houses. The trees are bare. Bitter north winds have stripped them of all their leaves. It's pleasant while the frost lasts, the unpleasant time comes when the thaw begins.

A few months pass and it`s a beautiful spring day. In spring nature awakens from her long winter sleep. The trees are filled with new life, the earth is warmed by the rays of the sun and the weather gets gradually milder. The fields and the meadows are covered with fresh green grass. The woods and forests are filled with songs of the birds. The soft white clouds are floating across the blue sky and the sun is shining brightly. Raindrops and dewdrops shine on every small green leaf and every blade of young grass. At night millions of stars shine in the darkness.

When summer comes the weather gets warmer still and sometimes it`s very hot. It's the farmer's busy season. He works in his fields from morning till night. The grass must be cut and the hay must be made, while the dry weather lasts. Sometimes the sky is overcast with heavy clouds. There are storms with thunder, lighting and hail.

Autumn brings with it the harvest time, when the crops are gathered in and the fruit is picked in the orchards. The woods turn yellow and brown, leaves begin to fall from the trees and the ground is covered with them. The sky is grey and very often it rains. Then everyone wears a mackintosh or carries an umbrella. As the cars and buses go along the streets they splash the water and mud on the passersby. Gradually it gets darker and a thick fog spreads over a town. That's autumn.

Exercise №1. Ответьте на вопросы по теме

1. What is the weather like in winter?

2. What holidays do we have in winter?

3. Why do most people try to have their holidays in summer?

4. What do you like to do in summer?

5. What sports do people go in for in summer?

6. Why is autumn often called the season of plenty?

7. What is the weather like in autumn?

Exercise №2. Запомните следующие речевые образцы и сделайте соответствующие подстановки, используя слова, данные в скобках:

1. -It's a nice day, isn't it? (Прекрасный день, не так ли?)

(Fine day, lovely, hot, warm, cold, sunny, windy, frosty, rainy)

2. -How cold it is! (Как холодно!)

(Warm, hot, cool)

3. -What's the weather like today? (Как сегодня погода?)

(How is the weather?)

It is nice and warm today.

(Cold and windy; calm and sunny)

4. -It looks like rain. (Похоже на то, что пойдет дождь)

(Snow)

5. -It` s 10 degrees below zero. (Температура -10)

It` s 10 degrees above zero. (Температура +10)

(15, 8,12,19,20,25,30)

Запомните следующие речевые образцы и употребите их в предложениях:

It`s raining. Идет дождь. It`s drizzling. Моросит.

It`s snowing. Идет снег. It`s windy. Ветрено.

It`s cloudy. Облачно.

Exercise №3. Прочтите и выучите наизусть следующие диалоги:

I

A: What`s the weather like today?

B: It`s cloudy.

A: What s is the outlook for tomorrow?

B: It says there will be rain.

II

A: Lovely day today, isn`t it?

B: Yes, it is. There isn` t a cloud in the sky. The sun is shining brightly.

III

A: It's so hot today. Such a splendid day, isn't it? It must be about 30 degrees above zero.

B: You are right. It`s really hot.

(an outlook, forecast – прогноз погоды)

Exercise №5. Запомните следующие речевые образцы и сделайте соответствующие подстановки, используя слова, данные в скобках.

1) — It’s a nice day, isn’t it? (Прекрасный день, не так ли?)

(fine day, lovely, hot, warm, cold, sunny, windy, frosty, rainy)

2) — How cold it is! (Как холодно) (warm, hot, cool)

3) — What’s the weather like today? (Какая сегодня погода) (How is the weather?)

— It is nice and warm today. (cold and windy; calm and sunny)

4) — It looks like rain. (Похоже, что пойдет дождь) (snow)

5) — It’s 10 degrees below zero. (Температура – 10°С)

6) — It’s 10 degrees above zero. (Температура + 10°С)

(15°, 8°, 12°, 19°, 20°, 25°, 30°С).

Exercise №6. Запомните следующие речевые образцы и употребите их в предложениях:

It s raining идет дождь

It’s drizzling моросит

It’s snowing идет снег

It’s windy ветрено

It’s cloudy ёоблачно

Exercise №7. Прочтите и выучите наизусть следующие диалоги:

I

A: What’s the weather like today?

В: It’s cloudy.

A: What is the outlook for tomorrow?

B: It says there will be rain.

II

A: Lovely day today, isn’t it?

B: Oh, yes. There isn’t a cloud in the sky. The sun is shining brightly.

III

A: It’s so hot today. Such a splendid day, isn’t it? It must be about 30 degrees above zero.

B: You are right. It’s really hot.

Exercise №8. Составьте диалог о погоде, используя лексику текста. (outlook, forecast – прогноз погоды)

A: Good morning. How are you today?

B: ........

A: I’m well, thank you. Lovely day, isn’t it? Do you know the weather forecast for today?

B: ........

Exercise №9. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами.

1. Summer months are ... . 2. The longest day in the year is the ... . 3. The shortest day in the year is the ... . 4. It often ... in autumn. 5. It often ... in winter. 6. In spring the ground is covered with green ... and there are many flowers in ... . 7. In winter children like to play ... and make ... . 8. The rivers and lakes are covered with ... in winter.

Exercise №10. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Осень. 2. Лето. 3. Зима. 4. Весна. 5. Идет дождь. 6. Идет снег. 7. Холодно. 8. Тепло. 9. Жарко. 10. Интересно. 11. Трудно.

Exercise №11. Переведите слова в скобках и употребите их в данных предложениях.

1. At 12 o’clock (солнце) shines (ярко). 2. In winter (часто идет снег). 3. We like (собирать грибы и ягоды). 4. Children like to play (снежки) and make (снежные бабы) in winter. 5. In summer the sun rises (рано) and sets (поздно). 6. In spring the days become (теплее) and (длиннее). 7. (Птицы) come back and begin (петь) in the forest and parks.

Exercise №12. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Чудесный день. 2. Должно быть, около 20 градусов выше нуля. 3. Сегодня облачно. 4. Действительно, жарко сегодня. 5. Какой прогноз на завтра? 6. Идет снег. 7. Должно быть, 15 градусов ниже нуля.

Exercise №13 Расскажите о своем любимом времени года, как вы его проводите.

Exercise №14. Составьте диалог о погоде, используя лексику текста

A: Good morning. How are you today?

B: … ...

A: I`m well, thank you. Lovely day, isn` t it? Do you know the weather forecast for today?

B: … ...

Section C