11 Topic № 34

Topic 34: “Materials for root canals. Sillers: classification, requirements. Non-hardened filling materials: composition, properties of different groups, indications for use, methods and stages of filling.”

Purpose of root canal filling:

1. To prevent bacteria and bacterial elements from spreading from (or through) the canal system to the periapical area.

2. The fully instrumented root canal has to be provided with a tight and long-lasting obturation.

3. Root canal filling material should, therefore, prevent infection/reinfection of treated root canals. Together with an acceptable level of biocompatibility (inert material) this will provide the basis for promoting healing of the periodontal tissues and for maintaining healthy periapical conditions.

Classification of filling materials for root canals.

On physical and mechanical properties of material for filling root canals can be divided into 3 groups (Strelyukhina T.F., 1964):

I. Plastic non-hardening:

sea buckthorn, thymol, lysozyme containing calcitonin containing, iodoform, etc.

II. Plastic hardening materials.

III. Solid filling materials (pins):

- Gutta-percha;

- Plastic;

- Copper;

- Silver.

Borovsky E.V. (2004) classifies the filling materials for root canal:

1. Temporary filling materials,

2. Paste (sealant, sillers),

3. Solid filling materials (fillers).

Classification of materials for permanent filling of root canals (Borovsky E.V., 2004):

1. Hardening paste sillers

1.1 Simple.

1.1.1. Zinc-oxide eugenol (zinc-oxide eugenol paste).

1.1.2. Polymer.

1.1.2.1. Synthetic ("AN-26", "AN PLUS» Dentsply, «Diaket» ESPE).

1.1.2.2. Natural (hloropercha).

1.2. With therapeutic effect.

1.2.2. Zinc-oxide eugenol-based («Endospad», «Pulpispad» Dentsply, «Endometasone» Septodont)

1.2.2. Polymer-based («Sealapex», Kerr).

2. Primary solid fillers

2.1. Plastic (gutta-percha pins).

2.2. Hard (silver pins).

2.3. Combined («Thermafil», Dentsplay).

Modern materials for obturation canals can be represented by the following indicators:

I. Physical and chemical criteria.

II. Fillers, sealers.

III. On the target application:

a) Temporary filling (endokal, biokaleks, endometazon N, etc.);

b) Permanent filling.

IV. According to the form of:

- Liquid-powder;

- Paste-paste;

- Pasta, ready to use;

- Capsule form.

Requirements for filling materials for root canal:

Requirements for filling materials are varied and can be divided depending on the biological and physical characteristics as well as the practical problems:

1. Biological:

- Be non-toxic and have good biocompatibility

- Do not irritate the periodontal

- To stimulate the function of periodontal plastic.

- Bacteriostatic effect or not to support the growth of bacteria.

- Easily sterilized before use.

- Not to have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties

2. Physical:

- To ensure a reliable seal the root canal system throughout its entire length, repeating features of its structure.

- To maintain constant volume (not shrink in the canal)

- Preferably a slight increase in volume when administered in feed or in the process of curing.

- Not to be porous

- Have enough for a comfortable work curing time.

- Good adhesion to dentin and filling materials.

- To be water resistant

- Do not dissolve in the interstitial fluid