Lesson 3

1. Answer the questions:

1. Do you know any international organizations fighting against terrorism?

2. What is the UN’s role in combating terrorism?

3. What is the primary responsibility of the UN Security Council?

4. Can you enumerate any documents adopted by international organisations to counter terrorism?

2. Reading. Read the UN Security Council Resolution 1269 dated October 19, 1999 (text 3) and find the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations. Quote the sentences in which they are used: растущее число актов международного терроризма; представлять опасность для жизни и благосостояния людей во всем мире; прини­мать Декларацию о мерах по ликвидации международного терро­ризма; активизировать борьбу с терроризмом на национальном уровне; укреплять эффективное международное сотрудничество; по­ощрять всеобщее участие в существующих международных антитер­рористических конвенциях и их осуществление; разрабатывать новые международные документы в целях противодействия угрозе террориз­ма; вносить вклад в усилия по борьбе с терроризмом во всех его формах; пресечение актов международного терроризма; поддержание международного мира и безопасности; осуждать все акты, методы и практику терроризма как преступные и не имеющие оправдания; акты терроризма во всех их формах и проявлениях; угрожать международ­ному миру и безопасности; важность более широкой координации между государствами; привлекать к ответственности лиц, виновных в совершении террористических актов; предотвращать и пресекать все­ми законными средствами деятельность по подготовке и финансиро­ванию любых актов терроризма; обеспечить арест, судебное пресле­дование, выдачу; предоставление статуса беженца; лицо, ищущее убежище; противодействовать угрозам международному миру и безопасности, исходящим от терроризма.

Text 3. UN Security Council Resolution 1269

October 19, 1999

The Security Council,

Deeply concerned by the increase in acts of international terrorism which endangers the lives and well-being of individuals worldwide as well as the peace and security of all States,

Condemning all acts of terrorism, irrespective of motive, wherever and by whomever committed,

Mindful of all relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, including resolution 49/60 of December 9, 1994, by which it adopted the Declaration on Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism,

Emphasizing the necessity to intensify the fight against terrorism at the national level and to strengthen, under the auspices of the United Nations, effective international cooperation in this field on the basis of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and norms of international law, including respect for international humanitarian law and human rights,

Supporting the efforts to promote universal participation in and implementation of the existing international anti-terrorist conventions, as well as to develop new international instruments to counter the terrorist threat,

Commending the work done by the General Assembly, relevant United Nations organs and specialized agencies and regional and other organizations, to combat international terrorism,

Determined to contribute, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, to the efforts to combat terrorism in all its forms,

Reaffirming that the suppression of acts of international terrorism, including those in which States are involved, is an essential contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security,

1. Unequivocally condemns all acts, methods and practices of terrorism as criminal and unjustifiable, regardless of their motivation, in all their forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomever committed, in particular those which could threaten international peace and security;

2. Calls upon all States to implement fully the international anti-terrorist conventions to which they are parties, encourages all States to consider as a matter of priority adhering to those to which they are not parties; and encourages also the speedy adoption of the pending conventions;

3. Stresses the vital role of the United Nations in strengthening international cooperation in combating terrorism and emphasizes the importance of enhanced coordination among States, international and regional organizations;

4. Calls upon all States to take, inter alia, in the context of such cooperation and coordination, appropriate steps to:

- cooperate with each other, particularly through bilateral and multilateral agreements and arrangements, to prevent and suppress terrorist acts, protect their nationals and other persons against terrorist attacks and bring to justice the perpetrators of such acts;

- prevent and suppress in their territories through all lawful means the preparation and financing of any acts of terrorism;

- deny those who plan, finance or commit terrorist acts safe havens by ensuring their apprehension and prosecution or extradition;

- take appropriate measures in conformity with the relevant provisions of national and international law, including international standards of human rights, before granting refugee status, for the purpose of ensuring that the asylum-seeker has not participated in terrorist acts;

- exchange information in accordance with international and domestic law, and cooperate on administrative and judicial matters in order to prevent the commission of terrorist acts;

5. Requests the Secretary-General, in his reports to the General Assembly, in particular submitted in accordance with its resolution 50/53 on measures to eliminate international terrorism, to pay special attention to the need to prevent and fight the threat to international peace and security as a result of terrorist activities;

6. Expresses its readiness to consider relevant provisions of the reports mentioned in paragraph 5 above and to take necessary steps in accordance with its responsibilities under the Charter of the United Nations in order to counter terrorist threats to international peace and security;

Decides to remain seized of this matter.

From http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/southasia/documents/papers/resolution_terrorism.htm

5. Match the word-combinations and their Russian equivalents.

to support to prevent to defeat=to crush to reduce to justify to respond to g)to smash to finance to root out to eliminate = to destroy to resort to to abet to export to fight = to combat to condemn p)to tolerate to encourage

бороться с терроризмом искоренять терроризм оправдывать терроризм осуждать терроризм отвечать на терроризм победить терроризм поддерживать терроризм оказывать пособничество терроризму поощрять терроризм предотвращать терроризм прибегать к терроризму разгромить терроризм терпеть терроризм снизить террористическую активность уничтожить терроризм финансировать терроризм экспортировать терроризм

6. Speaking. You are members of the UN Security Council. Today’s discussion is devoted to the problem of fighting against international terrorism. Voice your views and ideas on the basis of which a UN Security Council Resolution will be worked out. Use the vocabulary from ex. 2 and 3.

7. Speaking. You are a representative of your country at the annual UN General Assembly session. Make a speech about the role of international organizations in fighting against global terrorism. Use the vocabulary from ex. 2 and 3. Make an internet research if necessary.

8. Discussion. Responses to terrorism are broad in scope. They can include re-alignments of the political spectrum and reassessments of fundamental values. The term counter-terrorism has a narrower connotation, implying that it is directed at terrorist actors.

Specific types of responses include:

1. Targeted laws, criminal procedures, deportations, and enhanced police powers;

2. Target hardening, such as locking doors or adding traffic barriers;

3. Preemptive or reactive military action;

4. Increased intelligence and surveillance activities;

5. Preemptive humanitarian activities;

6. More permissive interrogation and detention policies;

7. Official acceptance of torture as a valid tool.

1. Which of these responses in your opinion are unacceptable in the 21^st century? Why?

2. Which do you think are the most effective? Why?

3. Try to recall any action of the types provided above and report to the class (country, specific details, global response, effectiveness, etc.)

9. Oral Presentation. Make an internet or library research on the topic «Terrorism List» and report to the class (What is it? Who maintains it? What is there on the list? Why? What measures are being taken against those on the list? What’s the Russian position regarding “the terrorism list”?) Use Power Point Presentation and word lists if necessary.

Additional Reading 5 “Fear of more terror attacks drives demand for sniffer dogs in India”. Read and give your comments.