2. Answer the following questions:

skimmed oil

alembic

coal

residue

complex mixture

unrefined state

oil well

kerosene

earth's crust

whale oil

naphtha

oil lamp

organic compound

molecular weight

destructive distillation

carbon-rich remains

tar

heating fuel

Example: Complex mixture is a mixture of many components in inexact proportions, usually natural.

1. __________________ is oil obtained from the blubber of whales.

2. Molecular mass is a measure of mass and __________________ is a measure of force acting on the molecular mass.

3. An __________________ is an object used to produce light continuously for a period of time using an oil-based fuel source.

4. __________________ is a matter remaining after completion of an abstractive chemical or physical process, such as evaporation, combustion, distillation, or filtration; residuum.

5. __________________ is any compound of carbon and another element or a radical.

6. __________________ is a natural state or raw state.

7. __________________ is topped oil or topped crude petroleum.

8. __________________ is modified pitch produced primarily from the wood and roots of pine by destructive distillation under pyrolysis.

9. Fossil fuels are __________________ of plants and microorganisms.

10. __________________ is the chemical process involving the decomposition of feedstock by heating to a high temperature; the term generally applies to processing of organic material in the absence of air or in the presence of limited amounts of oxygen or other reagents, catalysts, or solvents, such as steam or phenols.

11. __________________ is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle.

12. __________________ normally refers to a number of flammable liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons, i.e., a component of natural gas condensate or a distillation product from petroleum, coal tar or peat boiling in a certain range and containing certain hydrocarbons.

13. An __________________ is a general term for any boring through the Earth's surface that is designed to find and acquire petroleum oil hydrocarbons.

14. __________________ is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid.

15. An __________________ is an alchemical still consisting of two vessels connected by a tube.

16. __________________ is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

17. __________________ is a low viscosity, liquid petroleum product used as a fuel for furnaces or boilers in buildings.

molecular mass – молекулярна маса

blubber – медуза

continuous – безперервний

oil-based fuel – паливо на основі нафти

evaporation – випаровування

combustion – горіння

filtration – фільтрація

residuum – залишок

radical – радикал, основа

raw state – сирий стан

topped oil – нафта, очищена від бензину

topped crude petroleum – нафта, очищена від бензину

modified pitch – видозміна смоли

pyrolysis – піроліз, термодеструкція

feedstock – сировина для промисловості

reagent – реагент

catalyst – каталіст

solvent – розчинник

steam – пара

phenol – фенол, карбонова кислота

solid shell – тверда оболонка

mantle – мантія

flammable liquid – легкозаймиста речовина

condensate – конденсат

coal tar – кам’яновугільна смола

peat – торф

combustible liquid – горюча рідина

alchemical still – алхімічний дистилятор

vessel – посудина

rock strata – товща гірських порід

vein – вена

coal bed – шар вугілля

coal seam – пласт вугілля