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Министерство образования Российской Федерации

Хабаровская государственная академия экономики и права

Кафедра иностранных языков

Английский язык российская федерация

Методические указания к практическим занятиям

для студентов 1 курса дневного отделения всех специальностей

Хабаровск 2000

Предисловие

Методические указания к практическим занятиям по теме «Российская Федерация» предназначены для студентов 1 курса дневного отделения всех специальностей (кроме специальностей, изучающих углубленный курс английского языка).

Цель методических указаний – развить навыки устной речи, помочь студентам овладеть лексикой по темам, связанным с географией, политическим устройством, историей России и ее столицы Москвы. Методические указания служат не только источником информативного и лексического материала, но и учат различным видам обработки информации, составлению монологического сообщения, высказыванию мнения по поводу прочитанного или услышанного.

Данные методические указания состоят из 3-х разделов: Российская Федерация: географическое положение и государственное устройство, Москва: история и достопримечательности и тексты для дополнительного чтения.

Первые 2 раздела содержат предтекстовые фонетические, грамматические и лексические упражнения различного характера и направленности, что позволяет разнообразить аудиторную работу со студентами.

3-й раздел может быть использован для самостоятельной работы студентов.

1. Russian Federation: Geography and State system

Ex.1 Read following proper names:

Arctic Ocean [ ]

Atlantic Ocean [ ]

Amur [ ]

Altai [ ]

Asia [ ]

Azerbaijan [ ]

Baltic Sea [ ]

Caspian Sea [ ]

China [ ]

Caucausus [ ]

Estonia [ ]

Europe [ ]

Finland [ ]

Georgia [ ]

Lena [ ]

Latvia [ ]

Mongolia [ ]

Moscow [ ]

Norway [ ]

Ob [ ]

Pacific Ocean [ ]

Siberia [ ]

Yenisei [ ] The Russian Federation

In area, the Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres. It occupies most of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Russia stretches from the Baltic Sea in the West to the Pacific Ocean in the East and from the Arctic Ocean in the North to the Black Sea and the Caucasus, the Altai, and the Sayan mountains, and the Amur and the Ussuri rivers in the south. It borders on Norway and Finland in the north-west, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and the Ukraine in the West, Georgia and Azerbaijan in the south-west, and Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China in the South. The federation comprises 21 republics.

The land of Russia varies from thick forests to barren deserts, from high peaked mountains to deep valleys. Russian Federation is located on two plains, Great Russian Plain and West Siberian Lowland. The longest mountain chains are the Urals, separating Europe from Asia, the Caucasus, the Altai. Russia’s most important rivers are the Volga, Europe’s biggest river, flowing into the Caspian Sea, the main Siberian rivers (the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena), and the Amur in the Far East, flowing into the Pacific Ocean. The total number of rivers in Russia is over two million. The world’s deepest lake – Lake Baikal, with the depth of 1 600 metres, is situated in Russia, too.

The climate in Russia varies from arctic in the north to continental in the central part of the country and subtropical in the south.

The current population of Russia is about 150 million people; 82% of the population are Russians.

Russia is a highly-industrialized-agrarian republic. Its vast mineral resources include oil and natural gas, coal, iron, zinc, lead, nickel, aluminum, gold and other non-ferrous metals. Russia has the world’s largest oil and natural gas resources. Three-quarters of the republic’s mineral wealth is concentrated in Siberia and Far East.

Approximately 10 million people are engaged in agriculture and they produce half of the region’s grain, meat, milk and other dairy products. The largest granaries are located in the North Caucasus and the Volga and the Amur regions.

The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with the population of about 10 million people.

Russia is a constitutional republic, with President as Head of State. The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly, consisting of the Council of Federation and the State Duma.

Ex.2 Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

total area, to be bordered by, high peaked mountains, highly-industrialized-agrarian republic, non-ferrous metals, mineral wealth, dairy products, produce.

Ex.3 Find English equivalents in the text:

занимает большую часть Восточной Европы и Северной Азии, протянулась от … до …, федерация включает 21 республику, бесплодная пустыня, быть расположенным, горная цепь, впадать в, климат варьируется от арктического до субтропического, население на данный период, богатые запасы полезных ископаемых, около 10 млн человек заняты в сельском хозяйстве, самые большие житницы, Россия – конституционная республика, законодательная власть осуществляется Федеральным Собранием.

Ex.4 Make all possible word combinations with following words:

eastern northern southern western

mountains rivers forest desert

valleys lake climate republic resources

Ex.5 Insert prepositions where necessary:

1. The Russian Federation is the largest country … the world.

2. Russia stretches … the Baltic Sea … the West … the Pacific Ocean … the East and … the Arctic Ocean … the North … the Black Sea and the Caucasus, the Altai, and the Sayan mountains and the Amur and the Ussuri rivers … the South.

3. The federation comprises … 21 republics.

4. The land … Russia varies … thick forests … barren deserts, … high peaked mountains … deep valleys.

5. Russian Federation is located … two plains.

6. The total number … rivers in Russia is over two million.

7. The current population … Russia is … 150 million people, 82% … the population are Russians.

8. Russia`s vast mineral resources include … oil and natural gas, coal, iron, zinc, lead, nickel, aluminium, gold and other non-ferrous metals.

9. Three-quarters … the rebuplic’s mineral wealth is concentrated … Siberia and the Far East.

10. Approximately 10 million people are engaged … agriculture.

Ex.6 Change sentences using “participle I”

1. In area, the Russian Federation is the largest country in the world which occupies most of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.

2. The longest mountain chains are the Urals which separate Europe from Asia.

3. Volga is Europe’s biggest river which flows into the Caspian Sea.

4. The main Siberian rivers are the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena which flow into Arctic Ocean.

Ex.7 Insert the words from the text:

1. The total … of the Russian Federation is … square kilometres.

2. Russia stretches from … to …

3. The RF … on Norway and Finland in … , Estonia, … , … and … in the West, … and Azerbaijan in … and … , … , … in the South.

4. The federation … 21 … .

5. RF is located on two plains, … and … .

6. The … mountain chains are … , separating Europe from …, … , the Altai.

7. Russian most important … are the Volga, … biggest river, flowing into … , the main … rivers (the Ob, the … and … ), and … in the Far East, flowing into … .

8. The … in Russia varies from arctic in … to … in the central part of the country and … in the south.

9. The … population of Russia is about … .

10. Russia` s vast mineral resources … oil and … , coal, iron …

11. … 10 million people are … in agriculture and they … half of the region` s … , meat , milk and other … products.

12. The largest granaries are located in … and … and … regions.

13. Russia is a … republic, with … as Head of State.

14. The … power is vested in the Federal …, consisting of the … and the State Duma.

Ex.8 Complete the sentences:

1. Russia’s total area is … .

2. Russia stretches from … .

3. It is bordered by … .

4. The land of Russia varies from … .

5. Russian Federation is located … .

6. The longest mountain chains are … .

7. Russia’s most important rivers are … .

8. The climate in Russia varies from … .

9. The current population … .

10. Russia’s vast mineral resources include … .

11. Three quarters of the mineral wealth … .

12. Approximately 10 million people … .

13. The largest granaries … .

14. The capital of Russia … .

15. Russia is a constitutional republic … .

Ex. 9 Translate into English :

1. Россия – самая большая страна в мире с общей площадью около 17 миллионов кв.км, расположена в Восточной Европе и северной части Азии.

2. Россия протянулась от Балтийского моря до Тихого Океана и от Северного Ледовитого Океана до Черного Моря.

3. С ней граничат Норвегия, Финляндия, Монголия, Китай и бывшие (former) республики СССР.

4. Волга, крупнейшая река России, впадает в Каспийское Море.

5. Среди крупнейших горных цепей России – Урал, отделяющий Европу от Азии.

6. Россия – страна с высокоразвитой промышленностью и сельским хозяйством, с богатейшими запасами полезных ископаемых.

7. Три четверти запасов полезных ископаемых республики сконцентрировано в Сибири, в том числе нефть, природный газ, уголь, золото и цветные металлы.

8. Население, занятое в сельском хозяйстве, производит зерно, мясо и молочные продукты.

9. Россия – президентская республика; законодательная власть в стране принадлежит Федеральному собранию.

Ex.10 Answer the questions:

1. What is the total area of the RF?

2. Where is it situated?

3. What oceans is Russia surrounded by?

5. What countries does it border on?

6. How many republics does the federation comprise?

7. What two plains is Russia located on?

8. What are the largest mountain chains in Russia?

9. Name the most important rivers and lakes of the RF.

10. How does the climate in Russia vary?

11. What mineral resources are mined on Russia`s territory?

12. How many people are engaged in agriculture?

13. Where are the largest granaries located?

14. What kind of republic is Russia?