Grammar

Put the words in brackets into the correct active or passive tense.

Tea (34) ……… (make) from the leaves of the tea plant. At first it (35) ……… (use) as a medicine, but it (36) ……… (become) an everyday drink in the 3^rd century AD. First, the leaves (37) ……… (pick) from the plant and they are spread onto a cloth. They (38) ……… (leave) for up to twenty hours. Next, the leaves are rolled up until they (39) ……… (break) into small pieces. Finally, the leaves (40) ……… (dry). The tea (41) ……… (pack) into containers and sent to different countries, it (42) ……… (sell) to customers as loose leaves, as tea bags and as instant tea. To make tea, we (43) ……… (boil) water and (44)……… (pour) it over the dry tea in a teapot. This (45) ……… (leave) for three to five minutes. We can then add milk, lemon or sugar. In Britain, it was the custom to serve tea in the afternoons with sandwiches and cakes. This custom (46) ……… (start) by the Duchess of Bedford around 1840. Today, people (47) ……… (drink) tea all over the world.

Choose the correct option in these sentences.

47. They are having / have a fly-drive offer to Florida.

48. How are you spelling / do you spell your surname?

49. We are accepting / accept Visa and MasterCard.

№ 15

Topic ‘Ecotourism’

Comprehensive reading

Read the text and say if the statements below are true (T) or false (F).

Australia Aborigines – the native Australians

Aborigines probably came to Australia from Indonesia 50,000 years ago. The oldest skeleton found in Australia was at Lake Mungo in New South Wales. Archaeologists believe it is 38,000 years old and it carried traces of ceremonial paint.

Aborigines were nomads. Originally they didn’t have a sense of land ownership, although Aboriginal children were taught from an early age that they belonged to the land and must respect tribal boundaries. Tribes returned to particular places to bury their dead. Some places, like Uluru, were sacred because they were associated with the ‘Dreamtime’, the time when the earth was formed and cycles of life and nature were begun.

Aboriginal legends, songs and dances tell of powerful spirits who created the land and people during the Dreamtime. There was no Aboriginal language and, in fact, most of the 600 tribes spoke different dialects and rarely met except on ceremonial occasions. The tradition of the Dreamtime, however, united the people. Rock paintings showing this creation period, can be found all over the country. Some of the most spectacular and best preserved can be seen at rock galleries in Kakadu National Park and other parts of northern Australia.

The arrival of white people gradually brought an end to the traditional aboriginal way of life. The ‘new’ Australians began to build and settle on Aborigine tribal lands. Today, most Aborigines live in cities and towns or in isolated settlements near tribal lands. Few continue the old nomadic way of life.

In recent years, white Australians have become more sensitive to the Aborigines’ situation. The result has been an increase in health and educational services, greater recognition of Aboriginal land rights and a growing appreciation of Aboriginal culture. Many museums now display Aboriginal art, musical instruments and artifacts.

1. They originally came from India.

2. They were farmers.

3. There is no written Aboriginal language.

4. Europeans destroyed their traditional way of life.

5. No Aboriginal art or artifacts survive.

Match the words from the text (6 – 10) with the definitions (a – e).

6. archaeologist a) a living thing without a physical body

7. tribe b) a person who studies remains of buildings and tools

8. spirit c) a place where works of art are shown

9. gallery d) a tool or small object made by people

10. artifact e) a group of people of the same race led by a chief