Работа над текстом:

Основной целью обучения является получение информации из иноязычного источника, поэтому особое внимание уделяется чтению текстов профессиональной направленности. При этом используется три вида чтения – изучающее, поисковое и с общим охватом содержания.

Точное и полное понимание текста осуществляется путем изучающего чтения. Изучающее чтение предполагает умение самостоятельно проводить лексико-грамматический анализ, используя знания общих и специальных предметов. Итогом является точный перевод текста на русский язык.

При чтении текста, предназначенного для понимания общего содержания, необходимо понять основной смысл прочитанного, не обращаясь к словарю. Для этого необходимы следующие умения:

• догадываться о значении незнакомых слов по контексту на основе словообразовательных элементов;

• видеть интернациональные слова и понимать их значение;

• различать знакомые грамматические формы и конструкции;

• использовать данный в тексте иллюстративный материал;

• применять знания по специальным предметам в качестве основы смысловой и языковой догадок.

I курс Тексты для чтения, перевода и пересказа

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1. What I Usually Do by Day

Let me introduce myself. My name is Oleg Petrov. I am from a small town Lysva. I work and study. I am a part-time student at the college of commerce.

I get up at 7 o’clock, wash my face, neck, hands and brush my teeth, dry myself with a towel. I make bed and do exercises. After that I have breakfast. Then I put on a coat and a hat and go to the office.

I work there from 9 in the morning till 4 in the afternoon. At 1 o’clock in the day time I have dinner as usual.

On my way home from work I drop in the shop to buy some food. I come home at a quarter to 5. In a quarter of an hour we, my family and I, have tea.

In the evening I usually watch TV, read books or newspapers. Sometimes I go to the cinema or to the theatre or visit my friends.

I have supper at 8 o’clock. I have a bath at 11 o’clock and then go to bed.

Questions:

1. Do you do exercises in the morning?

2. When do you have breakfast (dinner, supper)?

3. When do you go to work?

4. How long do you stay at work?

5. When do you get up?

6. Where do you have dinner?

7. When do you come home?

8. What do you do in the evening?

9. Do you often go to the cinema (theatre, concerts)?

10. Do you go in for sports?

11. What sport do you prefer?

12. Do you visit your friends?

13. Do you read books, newspapers or magazines, watch TV, listen to the music?

14. When do you have a shower or a bath?

15. When do you usually go to bed?

Ответьте на вопросы, используя образец:

1. How long does it take you to do exercises?

- It takes me 15 minutes.

2. How long does it take you to have breakfast (dinner, supper)?

- It takes me 10 minutes (half an hour, 20 minutes).

3. How long does it take you to go to work?

4. How long does it take you to wash up?

5. How long does it take you to go in for sports?

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2. GREAT BRITAIN

Great Britain consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Administratively Great Britain is divided into 55 counties. The biggest of cities of Great Britain are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.

England is the largest part of Great Britain. Wales is a peninsular in the south – west of the island of Great Britain. It occupies about 9 % of its territory with the population of 4.8 % of the total population. Scotland is the most northern part of Great Britain with a territory of 32 % of the total territory and with a population of 9 % of the total population of Great Britain. Northern Ireland occupies the north – east part of the island of Ireland. Its territory amounts to 5.2 % of the total territory of Great Britain. The main cities of Northern Ireland are Belfast and Londonderry.

Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Officially the head of state is the Queen (or the King). However, the power of the Queen in Great Britain is not absolute. She acts only on the advice of the ministers and Parliament. There is no written constitution in Great Britain. The main principles of British legislation are expressed in other documents, like “Magna Charta”, “Habeas Corpus Act”, “Bill of Rights”, the Parliamentary Act. British legislation does not provide written guarantees of individual political rights.

Parliament in Great Britain consists of two Houses – the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords consists of 1000 peers who are not elected by the people. The House of Commons is a nation-wide representative body which is elected by the people at a general election, within 5 years of the last election. After the general election the Queen appoints the head of the government – the Prime Minister. As a rule, the Prime Minister is the leader of the governing party. The Prime Minister appoints the ministers to make up the government.

There are two main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative party and the Labour party.

Great Britain is a highly-developed industrial country. The main fields of British industry are machine-building, ship-building, metallurgy, and electronics.

VOCABULARY

peninsular - полуостровной

occupy - занимать

population – население

parliamentary monarchy – парламентская монархия

legislation - законодательство, законодательная деятельность, закон, законопроект

are expressed – выражаются

“Magna Charta” – Великая хартия вольностей

“Habeas Corpus Act” – Хабеас Корпус (английский закон о неприкосновенности личности

“Bill of Rights” - билль о правах ( совокупность конституционных норм, гарантирующих права граждан в их взаимоотношениях с органами государственной власти )

the Parliamentary Act – парламентский акт

the House of Lords – палата лордов

the House of Commons – палата общин

peer – лорд, пэр

election – выборы

Labour party – лейбористская партия

Conservative party – консервативная партия

3. A BIRDS’S EYEVIEW OF THE U.S.A.

The United States has the most technologically powerful, diverse, advanced, and largest economy in the world. To have a bird’s eye of the country let us start from the Northeast, the place of the first European settlements. The skyscrapers of New York, the steel mills of Pittsburgh, the automobile plants of Detroit – these symbols of industrial America belong to this region.

The greatest part of America’s heavy industry depends on the resources found in the region of the Great Lakes: iron ore and coal. Steelmaking is basic in this region, but there are many other related industries – glass, nonferrous metals, chemicals, rubber and machinery. Chicago is sometimes called the Great Central Market of the nation. It is the railroad, meat packing, and grain center for the middle part of the country.

After leaving Chicago, you will cross Illinois, Iowa and Nebraska. This is a vast farming region known as the Corn Belt. The land is fertile and well-watered, the climate is mildly continental. Nebraska specializes in wheat, Iowa and Illinois grow wheat and corn, and much livestock is raised here. Corn is the most important of all American crops. Extensive use of machinery allows an average farmer to cultivate 100 – 140 hectares without any help. Most farm families do “commercial farming”: they raise products for sale and not for their own use.

The Rocky Mountains, stretching all the way from Mexico to the Arctic Ocean, are rich in mineral deposits.. Other valuable ores are copper, lead and silver.

The West Coast cities are important industrials centers. Seattle houses the headquarters of the Boeing Company leading the nation in producing multi-engine jet aircraft. Silicon Valley near San Francisco, where more than 4,000 high-tech firms are located, is the first and biggest electronic research and production area.

California is one of the highest producing farm regions in the United States. Pears, peaches, olives, oranges and grapes ripen in its sunny orchards; grain and cotton grow all year in its farms; sheep and cattle feed in its pastures.

VOCABULARY

Diverse – многообразный, разнообразный

bird’s eye – с высоты птичьего полета

skyscraper – небоскреб

iron ore – железная руда

nonferrous – нежелезный, цветной

the Corn Belt – кукурузный пояс

fertile – плодородный

livestock – крупный рогатый скот

commercial farming – товарное производство сельскохозяйственных продуктов

mineral deposit – месторождение минерального сырья

headquarter – штаб-квартира, головной офис

Boeing Company – компания «Боинг»

multi-engine jet aircraft – реактивное воздушное судно

high-tech firm – высокотехнологичный, использующий высокие технологии, хай-тек

ripen – зреть, созревать, улучшать

orchard – фруктовый сад

pasture – выгон, пастбище, выпас, еда, корм, подножный корм, пастись

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4. BRITAIN’S ECONOMY IN BRIEF

Private enterprises form Britain’s economy. Private sector accounts for 79 per cent of output and 95 percent of employment.

Manufacturing has an important role in the economy. Britain excels in high-technology industries, such as pharmaceuticals, aerospace and offshore equipment, where British companies are among the world’s largest and most successful.

Britain’s chemical industry is the third largest in Europe. Traditionally, Britain is a major producer of basic industrial chemicals, plastics and fertilizers. ICI is the largest chemical company in the world and the world’s largest paint manufacturer.

Britain’s pharmaceutical industry is on of the world’s biggest exporters of medicines, accounting for around 12 per cent of the world market.

Machine-building is an area where British firms excel, especially in construction equipment, wheeled tractors, internal combustion engines, textile machinery, medical equipment, pumps and compressors.

Britain has the largest electronic industry in the world. Products include computers, communication equipment and a large variety of components. As well as an extensive range of computer hardware and associated equipment, British firms design computer applications software and are particularly strong in specialist markets such as computer-aided design (CAD), mathematical software, geographical information systems and data visualizations.

Britain’s aerospace industry is the third largest in the Western world. British aerospace (BA) produces both civil and military aircraft. The company has a 20 per cent share in the European multinational giant Airbus Industries, which manufactures a family of airbus airliners.

Britain has the largest energy resources of any country in the European Union and is a major producer of oil and natural gas. The main energy sources are coal, nuclear power and water power. The two largest British oil companies are British Petroleum (BP) and Shell Transport and Trading.

Services account for two-thirds of Britain’s GDP. Britain is a major financial center, housing some of the world’s leading banking, insurance, and other financial services and markets. The heart of the financial industry is the collection of banks and markets in and around the City of London.

VOCABULARY

private enterprise – частное предприятие

output – выпуск продукции

account for – давать отчет, принимать во внимание, быть причиной

manufacturing – производящий

excel in – превосходить, превышать, отличаться, выделяться

fertilizer – удобрение

equipment – оборудование

engine – машина, двигатель, мотор

pump – насос, помпа

software – программное обеспечение, компьютерные программы

computer-aided design (CAD) – автоматизированный дизайн

energy resources – энергетические ресурсы

gross domestic product (GDP) – внутренний валовой продукт

insurance - страхование

the City – Сити, деловой центр столицы Британии, Лондона