Vocabulary

authorize v уполномочивать; давать право

challenge n зд. 1 обязанность; 2 задача

combat v бороться (против)

constituent entity n 1 субъект федерации; 2 избирательный округ

detain v 1 задерживать; 2 брать под стражу

deter v удерживать от совершения чего-либо (с помощью средств

устрашения)

re-educate v перевоспитывать

lodge v заявлять; to lodge a protest заявить протест

the Prosecutor’s Office n прокуратура

summon v вызывать; summons n вызов в суд, судебная повестка

supervisory power n надзорное право

vest v облекать, наделять (правами, властью); vested in smb.

предоставленный (кому-либо)

virtue n сила, действие; in virtue of law в силу закона

witness n свидетель

Reading tasks

Answer these questions.

1 What state bodies are responsible for preventing any violations of law?

2 Do common people bear responsibility for preventing any offences?

3 Through what bodies does the state combat crime?

4 What acts must these bodies perform?

5 What does the investigator do after receiving information that a crime has

been committed?

6 What rights do the investigating bodies have during the investigation of a

criminal case?

7 What is the function of a prosecutor?

8 Who has the right to appeal against all decisions and actions of the state

bodies?

9 Who has the right to complain to the prosecutor concerning any violation of

the law?

10 Whose duty is it to bring the guilty person to trial?

11 Who supervises the investigation of cases conducted by the militia?

12 Who conducts the prosecution before the court in the name of the state?

13 Who proves the charges against the accused?

14 Who proposes the penalty to be imposed on a guilty person?

15 Who has the duty to withdraw the charge?

16 Who has the right to lodge protests against the sentences and decisions of the

courts which he finds illegal?

Comprehension check

Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to the text.

What is the procedure of appointment of Public prosecutors of constituent entities of the Russian Federation?

A Public prosecutors of constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall be

appointed by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation.

B Public prosecutors of constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall be

appointed by agreement with the constituent entities.

C Public prosecutors of constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall be

appointed by the President.

D Public prosecutors of constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall be

appointed by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation by agreement

with the constituent entities.

Vocabulary tasks

A Match the following words and phrases with their Russian equivalents.

1 to combat crime a налагать наказание

2 to commence b предварительное следствие

3 to commit crime c давать показания

4 to detain a suspect d должностное лицо

5 to impose a penalty e бороться с преступностью

6 to maintain law and order f судебный процесс

7 in virtue of law g начинать

8 a person in office, an official h выразить протест

9 preliminary investigation i совершить преступление

10 state security bodies j надзор

11 to testify k следственный орган

12 trial l поддерживать правопорядок

13 to vest power in somebody m прокуратура

14 supervisory power n задержать подозреваемого

15 an investigating body o облекать полномочиями кого-либо

16 to lodge protest p в силу закона

17 the Prosecutor’s Office q органы госбезопасности

B Who performs the following actions? Choose the necessary words from the

box.

the militia citizens the state the investigator law-enforcement agencies

1 __________ perform a series of acts to establish the fact of the crime.

2 __________ makes the public aware what the law is and tries to encourage

social support for law and order.

3 __________ should take part in examinations and searches.

4 __________ authorizes courts to complete the investigation of criminal and

civil offences and to pass sentences to punish the guilty and deter others.

5 _________ makes efforts to re-educate and reform people who have broken

the law.

6 __________ must be aware of the laws which affect their lives.

7 __________ protects state and personal property, safeguards the rights and

interests of citizens.

C Read the following words and try to guess the meaning of their derivatives.

Distribute them into 3 columns.

nouns verbs adjectives

to investigate – investigation - investigator

to establish – establishment

to discover - discovery

to determine – determined - determination

to inspect – inspector - inspection

to question - a question – questioning

a suspect – to suspect – suspicious

person – personal

original – an original – to originate

offender – offence

D Enumerate.

1 the investigating bodies

2 the functions performed by the investigating bodies

3 the investigator’s duties

4 the acts performed by the investigator

5 the categories of people summoned and questioned by the investigator

6 the ways the state makes citizens to obey the law

E Finish the sentences using the words in brackets.

a The circumstances of the case must be ……….

(summoned, questioned, brought to light, made).

b The investigator and the court base their conclusions on the verification and ……….

(decision, testimony, assessment of the evidence, written documents).

c The investigating bodies establish the existence or absence of a socially dangerous act ……. (on their own will, spontaneously, in accordance with the law, without alterations).

d The investigator inquires as to …………. who may be of help to him.

(the prosecutor, the accused, a witness, a criminal, a person).

e The collection of evidence before the trial is performed in …………….

(search, inquiry, written documents, the preliminary investigation, seizure).

F Match these words and phrases with their definitions below.

a Evidence in a criminal case is ……………

b The testimony of witnesses is ……………

c A witness is ………………

d The indictment is ………………

(a person aware of facts, facts, the culminating stage of the investigation, a type of evidence).

G Fill in the gaps in these sentences with one of the appropriate verb forms.

a The investigator and the court base their conclusions ________ the guilt of the accused on verification of the evidence ( to concern, concerning).

b ________ exhibits the investigator inspects the scene of a crime. (to obtain, obtaining).

c If a witness fails ________ without good reason he is criminally responsible (to appear, appearing).

H Finish the sentences using the facts from the text.

The General Prosecutor of Russia is appointed by ……..

The general Prosecutor of Russia is dismissed by ………

The Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation forms ………..

The Prosecutor’s Office is a state body that exercises …………

The prosecutor has the right ……….

The prosecutor supervises …………

The prosecutor’s duty is ………….

The Prosecutor’s Office institutes …………

The Prosecutor’s Office investigates ……….. and sees to it that ………..

I Fill in the gaps (if it is possible) with the words of the same family.

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Noun(-ion)
a law
	to violate
			investigation
	to supervise
an act
	to decide
a crime
	to try
	to prosecute
		powerful
a judge

J Study the model. Translate the sentences into English and begin with the phrases in the model.

It is the prosecutor’s right … It is the prosecutor’s duty ….

… апеллировать против всех действий и решений государственных органов и официальных лиц, которые он считает незаконными.

… расследовать уголовные дела.

… устанавливать обстоятельства, при которых было совершено преступление.

… собирать улики против преступников и их соучастников.

… поддерживать обвинение.

… снимать обвинение.

… подавать жалобу в вышестоящие инстанции против решения и приговора суда, если он считает их незаконными.

… выносить предложения о наложении наказания (штрафа).

… осуществлять надзор за строгим соблюдением закона организациями, министерствами и ведомствами, официальными лицами и гражданами государства.

K Complete the word field diagram about the Prosecutor’s office.

Over to you

Speak on the rights and duties of the Prosecutor General.