Vocabulary

adhere to v (твёрдо) следовать; соблюдать

adjudication n рассмотрение спора; решение арбитража

behind выходящий за

claim n зд. притязание

conform with the law сообразно, в соответствии (с законом)

conventional adj основанный на договоре

courteous adj вежливый, учтивый

disadvantaged adj невыгодный

draft n составление проекта; v составить проект

draw up v составлять, оформлять

efficient adj деловой, эффективный; in efficient manner эффективно,

действенно

emerge v возникать, появляться

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Управление по охране

окружающей среды

executer n душеприказчик; исполнитель завещания

file v подавать документ в надлежащее учреждение; file an application

подавать заявление

for approval на утверждение

handle v управлять, осуществлять контроль, контролировать

impact n действие, влияние

Justice n правосудие; Department of Justice Министерство юстиции (в

США)

lease n аренда

litigation n судебный процесс

mortgage n заклад, ипотека

nonprofit adj некоммерческий

obligate v обязывать

probate n утверждение завещания

provision (of a client) n условие (клиента)

title n право; правовой титул

transaction n сделка, операция

trust n доверительная собственность; trustee n доверительный

собственник, опекун

unwarranted adj неоправданный, необоснованный

waste disposal company компания, занимающаяся уборкой отходов

with authority авторитетно

Reading tasks

Answer these questions.

1 How lawyers are usually called in the USA?

2 Who do they represent as advocates?

3 How do lawyers act as advisors?

4 How must lawyers deal with their clients?

5 What areas do lawyers specialize in? What are their functions?

6 How do lawyers work in the field of intellectual property?

7 What are lawyers’ functions in private practice?

8 What questions do lawyers deal with when they are employed by a single

client?

9 What is the role of attorneys in government?

10 Do lawyers work in law schools?

Language focus

Complete these sentences with modals cannot, will, may, must, can and explain their usage.

1 Depending upon the circumstances and the needs of the client, the lawyer _______ be a counselor, a negotiator, and/or a litigator. In each of these roles, the lawyer ________ need to engage in factual investigation.

2 A lawyer _______ be a zealous advocate of the client, in this respect the lawyer _______ advocate on the client’s behalf and avoid conflicts of interest.

3 The judge ________ maintain order in the courtroom.

4 The government ________ try you before a jury. It _______ try you before a

jury that is prejudiced.

5 If justices do something wrong, the Congress ________ impeach them.

B Ask about the parts of sentences given in bold type.

1 In civil law, attorneys assist clients with litigation, wills, mortgages and

contracts.

2 Attorneys employed at the various levels of government play a key role in

the criminal justice system.