- •Рефератний переклад
- •Анотаційний переклад
- •Text 1 civil engineering
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Exercises
- •1. Find in the text English equivalents of the following word – combinations:
- •2. Combine the word “domestic” with the proper English word to form the equivalents of the following Ukrainian word – combinations:
- •3. Translate into English using words and expressions from the text:
- •Text 2 urbanization and ecology
- •1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •2. Discuss the problem described in the text.
- •Exercises
- •2. Read the text. State which of these sentences express the main idea of the text.
- •3. According to the text complete the sentences using one of the given variations (a, b, c, d).
- •Text 4 residential and industrial buildings
- •Exercises
- •2. State which of the sentences describe residential buildings and which of them describe industrial buildings.
- •3. According to the text complete the sentences using one of the given variations (a, b, c, d).
- •4. Choose the correct form of the predicate for each sentence.
- •Exercises
- •2. Put the following sentences into groups according to three topics (a, b, c).
- •3. State which of the given sentences denote the description of the cement and which of them denote concrete.
- •4. Choose the correct answers.
- •Text 7 the problem of durability in building
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Exercises
- •1) Find the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •2) Answer the following questions:
- •Text 8 footings and foundations
- •Exercises
- •Text 9 walls
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Exercises
- •1) Find the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •2) Answer the questions:
- •3) Translate into English:
- •Text 10 wall units
- •Exercises
- •Text 11 partitions
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Exercises
- •1) Find the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •2) Find the Ukrainian equivalents of the following word – combinations, given below:
- •3) Answer the questions:
- •4) Translate into English:
- •Text 12 some problems of the design of structures
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Exercises
- •Text 13 the ultimate-load method of design
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Exercises
- •1) Find the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •2) Answer the questions:
- •3) Translate into English:
- •Text 14 the design of residential areas
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Exercises
- •Text 15 basic concepts in the analysis of structures
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Exercises
- •1) Find the English equivalents to the following word combinations and phrases;
- •2) Answer the questions:
- •3) Translate into English:
- •Text 16
- •Integrated Building System
- •Vocabulary notes :
- •Exercises:
- •Vocabulary notes.
- •1. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Text 18 Concrete for Reinforced Concrete Structures
- •Vocabulary notes.
- •Exercises
- •1. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Text 19 Reinforced Concrete Members.
- •Vocabulary notes.
- •1. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •3. Try to reproduce all the words and expressions from the text connected with the civil engineering. Text 20 Classification of Loads. Basic and Design Loads
- •In turn, basic load combinations are subdivided into two groups.
- •Vocabulary notes
- •Text 21 approaches to testing the deformability of cement repair materials.
- •Vocabulary notes :
- •Exercises:
- •Find English equivalents to the following word – combinations and phrases:
- •Find the words that are suitable to the definitions:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Translate into English:
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Exercises:
- •Find the English equivalents to the following word-combinations and phrases:
- •Pick up the word-combinations, suitable to the following definitions:
- •Answer the questions:
Vocabulary notes:
deterioration – погіршення
variety – різноманістність
freezing – замерзання
in simple terms – простіше кажучі
to promote corrosion – сприяти корозії
permeability – проникливість
to exceed – перевищувати
environment – навколишнє середовище
thawing – пом’якшення
Exercises:
Find the English equivalents to the following word-combinations and phrases:
фізико-хімічні процеси
сталь
фактор, що приводить до тріщин та ламання
вигідний
з точки зору
класичний випадок непорозуміння
цикли, що повторюються
одночасно
Pick up the word-combinations, suitable to the following definitions:
when things become worse and worse.
building material that consists of cement, water,
to be the reason of something
materials that are used to mane something better more beautiful
the process of maxing something softer
Answer the questions:
What is deterioration of repaired concrete structures?
What are restrained contraction of repair materials being provided through?
When does the repair material crack?
What does cracking initiate and promote?
What happens with water in repeated cycles of freezing and thawing?
What is the permeability of real repair governed by?
Translate into English:
1) Найбільш серйозні процеси погіршення, що ведуть до непридастності ремонтних матеріалів, викликані тріщинами в ремонтних матеріалах.
2) Простіше кажучі, ремонтний матеріал тріскається якщо напруга в ньому перевищує здатність витримки напруги.
3) Думка про те, що корозія приводить до тріщин – це класичний випадок непорозуміння причин та ефекту спільности.
4) тріщини викликаються та сприяють корозії, особливо в суворих умовах навколишнього середовища та корозія, в свою чергу, викликає розповсюдження тріщин.
5) Підвищення процесу тріскання погірує будь-який або цілий ряд механізмів погіршення.
6) Проникливість бетонних меонтних матерівалів мало що має спільного із лабораторними тестами або іх результатами.
ЗМІСТ
Передмова…………………………………………………………………..4
Рефератний переклад………………………………………………………5
Тext 1 Civil Engineering 6
Text 2 Urbanization and Ecology……………………………………………8
Text 3 Types of Building……………………………………………………10
Text 4 Residential and Industrial Building………………………………….12
Text 5 Design and Construction of Tall Buildings………………………….14
Text 6 The Most Widely Used Building Materials………………………….16
Text 7 The Problem of Durability in Building………………………………19
Text 8 Footings and Foundations……………………………………………20
Text 9 Walls…………………………………………………………………22
Text10 Wall Units…………………………………………………………..24
Text11 Partitions……………………………………………………………26
Text12 Some Problems of the Design of Structures………………………...29
Text13 The Ultimate-Load Method of Design………………………………31
Text14 The Design of Residential Areas……………………………………33
Text15 Basic Concepts in the Analysis of Structures……………………….35
Text16 Integrated Building System…………………………………………37
Text17 Architecture of a House……………………………………………..39
Text18 Concrete for Reinforced Concrete Structures……………………….41
Text19 Reinforced Concrete Members………………………………………43
Text20 Classification of Loads. Basic and Design Loads……………………45
Text21 Approaches to Testing the Deforrmability of Cement
Repair Materials……………………………………………………..47
Text22 Effect of Cracking…………………………………………………...50
