Vocabulary
careers as scientists creative innovators practitioner to vary to treat intelligence personality courtroom executives performer athlete to reduce performance jury disaster plane crash victim bystander to recover from the shock of the event flexibility of their schedules skill to interpret data experience experimental design career paths to care for disorder |
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Questions to the text.
What does the field of psychology include?
What is research in psychology concerned with?
What innovations do psychologists make?
What do psychologists do?
Where do psychologists work?
Who do they work with?
When does your education as a psychologist end?
Do most psychologist like their work?
What skills many employers are interested in?
What do all psychologists have in common?
EXERCISE 1 Fill in the gaps (заполните пропуски) with the words from the text.
The field of psychology includes both ... and ....
As scientists, psychologists use different research methods, such as...,... and....
As practitioners, psychologists work in laboratories, ...,..., schools and universities,... and corporate ....
Psychologists work with business executives,... and ... to reduce stress and ... performance.
Immediately following the disaster, such as a plane crash or ..., psychologists help ... and ....
When you are a ..., your... never ends.
Psychologists have a variety of and the flexibility of their ....
Many employers are interested in the skills of...,..., and ... data.
What all psychologists have in common is an interest in the ... and ... of both humans and ...
EXERCISE 2 Which of the following sentences are true or false?
The field of psychology includes practice, research and clinical psychology.
As scientists, psychologists follow scientific methods, using careful observation, experimentation, psychoanalysis.
Psychologists are frequent innovators. They invent new approaches to people and societies.
Psychology is an extremely varied field.
Psychologists work with performers, sportsmen and businessmen.
Psychologists help victims and bystanders of disasters.
EXERCISE 3
Translate the following sentences into Russian.
There are more careers in psychology than in mathematics and history.
As psychologists we should be intelligent, creative, understanding and innovative.
Approaches to the same problem can vary. All practitioners know that but patients do not expect that.
It is difficult to diagnose some psychological disorders. It is more difficult to treat them.
Clinical psychologists must have a nice and friendly personality.
Many business executives live in constant stress. They use alcohol to reduce stress. Professional psychologists can help to reduce stress.
Victims and bystanders of such disasters as plane crash live in stress long after the accident.
Psychologists often provide help for people with different mental disorders.
EXERCISE 4
Translate the following sentences into English.
Практическая психология использует результаты исследований для решения разнообразных задач.
Будучи учеными, психологи используют научные методы.
Наблюдение, эксперимент и анализ — это примеры научных методов.
Психологи зачастую инноваторы. Они разрабатывают теории и тестируют их в своих исследованиях.
Психология очень разнообразна. Психологи занимаются исследованиями, работают консультантами, преподают психологию в школах и университетах.
Практикующие психологи работают в клиниках, лабораториях, больницах, судах, школах, тюрьмах и корпорациях.
Психологи работают со спортсменами и бизнесменами, помогая им снимать стресс и улучшать показатели.
Профессиональные психологи вынуждены постоянно совершенствоваться, держаться в ногу со временем.
Психологи напряженно работают, чтобы найти ответы на разнообразные исследовательские вопросы.
Психология очень разнообразна с огромным количеством возможных видов занятости. Всем известны работы психологов, связанные с уходом за психически больными людьми. Однако работа в сфере разработки компьютерного обеспечения менее известна.
EXERCISE 5 Discuss the following questions with the group or write a short essay on the topic you liked the most.
Are there more jobs in research or practice in your city?
What job, in your opinion, is more prestigious (престижная), in research or in practical psychology?
Why do you think psychologists have to be innovative and creative? Is it difficult?
Where is it less stress at work — at school, at a corporate office or at hospital?
Who is the most difficult to work with — businessmen, athletes, lawyers or performers?
Do you agree that all psychologists love their work? Why do you think so?
WHAT TYPE OF PSYCHOLOGIST WOULD YOU LIKE TO BE?
Psychologists specialize in different areas within the field of psychology. Let's look at some of the options available for you.
Clinical psychologists diagnose and treat mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders. These vary from short-term crises, divorce to chronic problems, such as schizophrenia. Some clinical psychologists treat specific problems exclusively, such as phobias or clinical depressions. Others focus on specific groups: youngsters, ethnic minority groups, and the elderly, for example.
Counseling psychologists help people recognize their strengths and
resources to fight with their problems. Counseling psychologists do counseling and psychotherapy, teaching, and scientific research with individuals of all ages, families, and organizations (e.g., schools, hospitals, businesses). Counseling psychologists help people understand and take action on career and work problems. They pay attention to how problems and people differ across life stages. Counseling psychologists have great respect for the influence of differences among people (such as race, gender, sexual orientation, religion) on psychological well-being. They believe that behavior is affected by many things, including qualities of the individual (e.g., psychological, physical, or spiritual factors) and factors in the person's environment (e.g., family, society, and cultural groups).
Educational psychologists concentrate on how effective teaching and learning take place. They consider a variety of factors, such as human abilities, student motivation, and the effect on the classroom of the diversity of race, ethnicity, and culture.
Industrial/organizational psychologists apply psychological principles and research methods to the work place in the interest of improving productivity and the quality of work life. Many serve as human resources specialists, helping organizations with staffing, training, and employee development. And others work as management consultants in such areas as strategic planning and quality management.
Rehabilitation psychologists work with stroke and accident victims, people with mental retardation, and those with developmental disabilities caused by such conditions as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism. They help clients adapt to their situation, frequently working with other health care professionals. They deal with issues of personal problems and interpersonal relations.
School psychologists work directly with public and private schools. They assess and counsel students, consult with parents and school staff.