- •Improves their efficiency and production.
- •300 Million years ago
- •Computers automatic doors mobile phones videogames tv remote controls мрз-players satellite navigation systems digital cameras
- •Impurities ga|t
- •It is important that There is no doubt that One cannot deny that It is impossible to argue against the fact that
- •Some people think/feel/believe/claim/argue that Other people are of the opinion that Yet other people put forward the view that
- •I nearly a third almost equal numbers the vast majority
- •Complete the model text with verbs from the box. The first gap has been done for you.
- •Read the Task 1 question below. Then answer questions a-e.
- •Complete the model text below with verbs from the box.
- •Choose the most suitable adverb in sentences a-h.
- •Match the adverbs a-g below with their opposites 1-7.
- •Look at the chart below, which shows how students on all courses at an
- •Describe the chart in 12 in your own words.
- •Which phrases are used in the paragraph in 3 to indicate someone else's opinion?
- •Idea information issue knowledge measure opinion problem scheme solution
- •Verb-subject agreement
- •Very few trees remained.
- •I*. ! f fifc
Very few trees remained.
Over the next 25 years, all these houses were knocked down.
if'
The trees were cut down.
The area experienced dramatic changes.
The woodland made way for a golf course.
A marina was also built.
7
a was knocked down b was cut down с was redeveloped d was converted e underwent
f was pulled down/replaced g was constructed h took place
was transformed
8
d cannot replace Between 2000 and 2005.
By 2005, the row of old houses had been knocked down to make way for a road. By 2005, the forest had been cut down to build a railway.
By 2005, the area had been redeveloped completely.
By 2005, the factory had been converted into an art gallery. By 2005, the city centre had undergone a total transformation.
By 2005, the row of old terraced houses in the city had been pulled down and replaced by a block of flats.
By 2005, a sports complex had been constructed in the suburbs.
By 2005, a number of spectacular changes had taken place.
By 2005, the whole centre of the town had been transformed by new developments.
10
a They are beside the railway line.
b It is north-east of the lake, с It is south-west of the stadium, d It is south of the golf course, e It is north of the skyscrapers, f It is in the south-west of the town.
g It is south of the river.
11
a |
in |
b |
by |
с |
beside |
d |
in |
e |
from |
f |
on |
g |
beside |
h |
on |
i |
off |
Task 2
1
Students' own answers.
2
a You can agree or disagree completely. You can agree 50 per cent and disagree 50 per cent. You cannot be neutral. You have to express an opinion, b Young employees should receive the same amount of money as older people if they do identical work.
3
a
Opinion
statement
b
Contradiction
с
Example
d
Explanation
e
Reason
f
Reason
g
Result
4
a
Many
people believe that
b
However
с
Take
for example
d
They
deserve to receive the
same
salary...
e
because
f
Moreover,
g
which
5
Students'
own answers.
6
Delete the following:
Moreover
while
And
also
however
Subsequently
7
1 |
a |
contrast |
2 |
b |
reason |
3 |
a |
addition |
4 |
с |
example |
5 |
a |
result |
6 |
с |
conclusion |
Possible answers
a Many feel that young people have much more influence in the world than their counterparts in the past. Personally, I believe that this is not necessarily true, because most people in power belong to the older generation. For example, most politicians throughout the world are mainly middle-aged. Moreover, most wealth is concentrated among people in their forties upwards. So, young people may appear to exert influence, but it is limited.
b According to some people, older workers are just as equipped to deal with the modem world as young people. However, I think that younger people are much more prepared because they are much more computer- literate than older people. Moreover, they are well- acquainted with the latest 'gadgets'. For example, many young people are able to design their own web pages and adapt quickly to the latest tools. Thus, I feel they are better at coping with today's world.
с Some people are of the opinion that advertising should not be banned in TV programmes directed at young people. Nevertheless, I feel, adverts in these programmes should be stopped, as they encourage young people to buy products that neither they nor their parents can afford. Take the latest toys or HD television sets. Parents may be put under enormous pressure to buy these, thus ending up in debt. So I think some control must be exercised over TV commercials in programmes for young people.
9
la 2 c 4 b
Possible answer
Some people feel that weblogs are just a waste of time and another way to lure people on to the Internet. Personally, however,
feel that they are very useful for people of all ages, especially young people, for many reasons.
Unit 6
Task 1
1
Students’ own answers.
2
Possible answers
Student exchanges, language learning, joint cultural events, and shared scientific, and technological know-how can be carried out by individuals.
Trade agreements, transport links, and media images can be improved by governments. Tourism can be carried out by both individuals and governments.
Climate and landscape, and lifestyle and culture are difficult to change.
3
a the overwhelming majority of people were in favour of b with a smaller number naming lifestyle and food с the most important languages, about equal numbers of people
4
a Sentence a relates to student exchanges, b relates to climate, and с relates to language learning, b Sentence a is illustrated by pie chart 1, b is illustrated by pie chart 4, and с is illustrated by pie chart 3.
a |
pie |
chart |
1 |
b |
pie |
chart |
3 |
с |
pie |
chart |
1 |
d |
pie |
chart |
2 |
e |
pie |
chart |
4 |
6
a The vast majority of holiday makers to China ... b It is clear that almost equal numbers of both sexes ... с Only a tiny minority of filmgoers ... d In conclusion, the trend is clearly upward, with just under half of companies ... e To sum up, nearly a third of all tourists ...
7
Overall It is clear that To conclude It is evident that It would seem that It is clear that In conclusion To sum up
8
a Backpacking is popular with the youngest group and guided tours relatively unpopular. This pattern is reversed for the oldest group, b 31-40 year olds с satisfied
9
enjoyed
belong
accounts for
comes
make up
include
is rated
10
It is clear...
11
a although, nevertheless b although is a conjunction, nevertheless is an adverb. Nevertheless normally starts a sentence, с but, however, despite
But is a conjunction, however is an adverb and normally starts a sentence. Despite can only be used before a noun or an -ing form.
12
a 3 bl с 5 d 2 e4
13
a Although the vast majority of visitors to Britain come from Europe, they stay for fewer than ten days on average, b Although forty-five per cent of people speak a foreign language, the vast majority are at a low level, с Despite its/the good weather, southern France is visited by only two per cent of Asian tourists, d The number of student
exchanges rose, but/although the cost of them went up. e Although the event was promoted to teenagers, they accounted for only 32 per cent of the audience.
Task 2
1
Students' own answers.
2
a the first sentence b the second sentence (advantages and disadvantages)
3
(Some other entertainment devices may be possible.)
a Advantage: iPod, DVD player b Advantage: Mobile phone, с Disadvantage: iPod, handheld game.
d Advantage: iPod, handheld game.
e Advantage: iPod, mobile phone, handheld game, DVD player f Disadvantage: iPod, g Disadvantage: Mobile phone, h Disadvantage: iPod, handheld game.
4
a benefits b help с difficult d enable/help e interfere f ideal
5
Advantage: help, benefits, ideal, enable
Disadvantage: difficult, interfere, enable
6
a e
b for example, so, however, hence, nevertheless, because с They allow people to relax; they allow people greater freedom; they are a nuisance for other travellers.
7
for example
even if
likewise
though
Although
and
Consequently
8
a disadvantage b c, e, f, h
с Main advantage: this allows people greater freedom and flexibility and takes away the boredom of journeys.
Main disadvantage: people are becoming more and more isolated in their own worlds. The art of communication is being lost.
9
a drawbacks b chance с gain d problems e handicap f opportunities g benefit
10
Serious emphasizes disadvantage.
Advantage: advantageous, beneficial, useful, invaluable, helpful, convenient Disadvantage: worthless, difficult
12
advantageous - disadvantageous beneficial - detrimental useful - useless
worthless - valuable/invaluable invaluable - worthless difficult - easy helpful - unhelpful convenient - inconvenient
13
Possible answers
a International arts festivals encourage interest in other people's cultures, b Lending artworks to other countries improves their knowledge of other cultures, с Films and concerts enhance the quality of people's lives, d To enable children to value their heritage, we need to show them how strongly it still influences society today, e Personal links can benefit travellers when they are out of their own country, f Ignorance of other people's traditions can handicap business partnerships, g To prevent countries from falling out with each other, we need to promote interest in particular cultures.
14
a 1 Although, 2 Despite b 1 emphasizes the
disadvantage, 2 emphasizes the advantage.
15
a Although
b However/Nevertheless с Despite
d However/Nevertheless
e but
4 r) .-Jtj |lf*' rti ■ i