- •Part II
- •Unit III
- •Section 1. Basic course
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Read the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •True or false?
- •Translate into English.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •II. Pronunciation practice. 2
- •III. Read the text. 2
- •Correct the mistakes in the computer translation.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 192. Congratulations!
- •Task 2. Pipelines. History and Development
- •I. Word usage and common errors.
- •P ronunciation practice.
- •Read the text and answer the questions at the beginning of the passages. Pipelines
- •IV. Make up and translate word — combinations choosing from the words given under the table.
- •V.Complete the sentences.
- •II. Pronunciation practice. 2
- •III. Read the text. 2
- •VII.Complete the sentences.
- •Read the passage and correct the computer translation of it.
- •Learn the definition by heart.
- •What is a Pipeline?
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 204. Congratulations!
- •Task 3. What is the Difference between Oil and Gas Pipeline?
- •I. Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Read the text and underline the international words.
- •Make up word combinations.
- •Make up questions to the answers.
- •True or false?
- •Fill in the gaps and read the extract.
- •Did you know that...
- •Complete the sentences using information in the right — hand column.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 216. Congratulations!
- •Task 4. Pipeline Components
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Read the text and underline the international words. Pipeline components
- •Find the meaning of the words in the right-hand column.
- •What element of the pipeline network is this? Guess, please.
- •Translate into Ukrainian and make the report on the topic.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 228. Congratulations!
- •Task 5. Pipelines Classification
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Translate the international words and find more of them in the text.
- •In general, pipelines can be classified in three categories depending on purpose:
- •Look through these descriptions and give the words they describe. Try to improve the incomplete descriptions.
- •Fill in prepositions and translate the sentences. Of, at, with, from, to, in, of, for, between
- •Translate into English.
- •Choose the correct word. In these sentences there are some words which you do not know. Guess what they mean and explain them to each other.
- •Read and translate the text; draw the table of oil pipelines classification.
- •Reproduce this piece of information filling in the right letter. Gas pipelines
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary tense form. Don’t forget about Passive Voice. Offshore (submarine) pipelines
- •II. Pronunciation practice. 2
- •III. Read the text. 2
- •Fill in the gaps with: to transport, be transported, transported.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 240.Congratulations!
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Translate the international words and find more of them in the text.
- •Read and translate the text. Underline adjectives and adverbs in the text.
- •Find the meaning of the word and the antonym (if any) in the right — hand columns.
- •Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the necessary tense form.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Study the picture and read the sentences in the right order.
- •Study the material and prepare the report. Business of Pipelines
- •How Are Pipelines Operated?
- •How Are Pipelines Monitored?
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 252. Congratulations!
- •Task 7. Leak Detection Systems
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •True or false?
- •Make up the titles of the scientific articles.,
- •Single or double? Fill in the missing letter if necessary.
- •Task 8. Safety. Ecological and Environmental Impact
- •Word usage and common errors
- •Pronunciation practice. Read and translate the words.
- •Read and translate the text. Find in the text and discuss the leading causes of pipeline failures. Safety
- •Fill in the table using the list.
- •Find the word in the list of letters and complete the word combination.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •II. Pronunciation practice. 2
- •III. Read the text. 2
- •VIII. Translate into English.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 276. Congratulations! You have finished the basic course.
Make up word combinations.
Gas and oil |
pnpeliies |
Gas and oil pipelines |
vricmetolu |
heat capacity |
|
uqtantiy |
of gas |
|
high |
nsietdy |
|
eenmvloimtan |
problems |
|
active soil |
lrayse |
|
prrcoessom |
system |
|
nquuei |
wildlife habitat |
|
Make up questions to the answers.
Gas and oil pipelines are very different in their design and modes of operation.
The quantity of gas transported is greater when the gas is compressed to a high density.
Between compressor stations some expansion and cooling will occur.
The Alcan gas pipeline has not been built because of a changing oil and gas market.
The pipeline going from the seabed to shore encounters severe problems with waves and floating iceproblems.
True or false?
Gas and oil pipelines are the same in their design and modes of operation.
Gas has a high volumetric heat capacity, cools quickly when compressed, and warms quickly when expanded.
The quantity of gas transported is less when the gas is compressed to a high density.
Gas will get liquid when passing through the compressor system.
Between compressor stations some expansion and cooling will occur.
Deliberate warming of the gas is not necessary when it is transported through a pipeline buried in the permafrost.
The gas in some pipelines is at a pressure as great as 14 megapascals.
After compression, the hot gas must be warmed by refrigeration.
Fill in the gaps and read the extract.
O..1 pipelines are made from st...el or pl...stic tubes with inner diam...ter typically from 10 to 120 cm (about 4 to 48 inches). Most pipelines are buried at a t...pical dep...h of about 1-2 metr...s (about 3 to 6 feet). The 0...1 is kept in mo...ion by p...mp stations along the pipeline, and usually fl...ws at speed of about 1 to 6 m/s. Multi-product pipelines are used to transport two or more different products in sequence in the same pip...line. Usually in multi-product pipelines there is no p...ysical separation between the different prod...cts. Some mi...ing of adjac...nt products occurs, producing inter-face. This interface is removed from the pip...line at receiving facilities and segregated to pre...ent contamination.
Did you know that...
...Crude oil contains varying amounts of wax, or paraffin, and in colder climates wax buildup may occur within a pipeline. Often these pipelines are inspected and cleaned using pipeline inspection gauges pigs, also known as scrapers or Go- devils. These devices are launched from pig-launcher stations and travel through the pipeline to be received at any other station down stream, cleaning wax deposits and material that may have accumulated inside the line.
....For natural gas, pipelines are constructed of carbon steel and varying in size from 2 inches (51mm) to 56 inches (1,400 mm ) in diameter, depending on the type of pipeline. The gas is pressurized by compressor stations and is odorless unless mixed with a mercaptan odorant where required by the proper regulating body.