
- •Part II
- •Unit III
- •Section 1. Basic course
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Read the text.
- •Answer the questions.
- •True or false?
- •Translate into English.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •II. Pronunciation practice. 2
- •III. Read the text. 2
- •Correct the mistakes in the computer translation.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 192. Congratulations!
- •Task 2. Pipelines. History and Development
- •I. Word usage and common errors.
- •P ronunciation practice.
- •Read the text and answer the questions at the beginning of the passages. Pipelines
- •IV. Make up and translate word — combinations choosing from the words given under the table.
- •V.Complete the sentences.
- •II. Pronunciation practice. 2
- •III. Read the text. 2
- •VII.Complete the sentences.
- •Read the passage and correct the computer translation of it.
- •Learn the definition by heart.
- •What is a Pipeline?
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 204. Congratulations!
- •Task 3. What is the Difference between Oil and Gas Pipeline?
- •I. Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Read the text and underline the international words.
- •Make up word combinations.
- •Make up questions to the answers.
- •True or false?
- •Fill in the gaps and read the extract.
- •Did you know that...
- •Complete the sentences using information in the right — hand column.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 216. Congratulations!
- •Task 4. Pipeline Components
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Read the text and underline the international words. Pipeline components
- •Find the meaning of the words in the right-hand column.
- •What element of the pipeline network is this? Guess, please.
- •Translate into Ukrainian and make the report on the topic.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 228. Congratulations!
- •Task 5. Pipelines Classification
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Translate the international words and find more of them in the text.
- •In general, pipelines can be classified in three categories depending on purpose:
- •Look through these descriptions and give the words they describe. Try to improve the incomplete descriptions.
- •Fill in prepositions and translate the sentences. Of, at, with, from, to, in, of, for, between
- •Translate into English.
- •Choose the correct word. In these sentences there are some words which you do not know. Guess what they mean and explain them to each other.
- •Read and translate the text; draw the table of oil pipelines classification.
- •Reproduce this piece of information filling in the right letter. Gas pipelines
- •Fill in the blanks with the necessary tense form. Don’t forget about Passive Voice. Offshore (submarine) pipelines
- •II. Pronunciation practice. 2
- •III. Read the text. 2
- •Fill in the gaps with: to transport, be transported, transported.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 240.Congratulations!
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •Translate the international words and find more of them in the text.
- •Read and translate the text. Underline adjectives and adverbs in the text.
- •Find the meaning of the word and the antonym (if any) in the right — hand columns.
- •Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the necessary tense form.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Study the picture and read the sentences in the right order.
- •Study the material and prepare the report. Business of Pipelines
- •How Are Pipelines Operated?
- •How Are Pipelines Monitored?
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 252. Congratulations!
- •Task 7. Leak Detection Systems
- •Word usage and common errors.
- •Pronunciation practice.
- •True or false?
- •Make up the titles of the scientific articles.,
- •Single or double? Fill in the missing letter if necessary.
- •Task 8. Safety. Ecological and Environmental Impact
- •Word usage and common errors
- •Pronunciation practice. Read and translate the words.
- •Read and translate the text. Find in the text and discuss the leading causes of pipeline failures. Safety
- •Fill in the table using the list.
- •Find the word in the list of letters and complete the word combination.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •II. Pronunciation practice. 2
- •III. Read the text. 2
- •VIII. Translate into English.
- •If you can translate these word-combinations your total score is 276. Congratulations! You have finished the basic course.
Read and translate the text; draw the table of oil pipelines classification.
According to the transporting matter pipelines are divided into:
Oil pipelines There are two types of oil pipeline: crude oil pipeline and product pipeline. While the former carries crude oil to refineries, the latter transports refined products such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, and heating oil from refineries to the market. Different grades of crude oil or different refined products are usually transported through the same pipeline in different batches. Mixing between batches is small and can be controlled. This is accomplished either by using large batches (long columns of the same oil or product) or by placing an inflated rubber sphere or ball between batches to separate them. Crude oil and some petroleum products moving through pipelines often contain a small amount of additives to reduce internal corrosion of pipe and decrease energy loss (drag reduction). The most commonly used drag-reducing additives are polymers such as polyethylene oxides. Oil pipelines almost exclusively use steel pipe without lining but with an external coating and cathodic protection to minimize external corrosion. They are welded together and bent to shape in the field.
Reproduce this piece of information filling in the right letter. Gas pipelines
Practically all overland transportation of nat...ral gas is by pip...line. To transport nat...ral gas by other modes such as tru...k, train, or ba...ge would be more dangerous and expensive. While g...s collection and transmission lines are made of st...el, most distribution lines (i.e., smaller lines connecting from the ma...n or transmission lines to customers) built since 1980 use flexible pl...stic pip...s, which are e...sy to lay and do not cor...ode,
Fill in the blanks with the necessary tense form. Don’t forget about Passive Voice. Offshore (submarine) pipelines
Offshore (submarine) pipelines (to need)
for transporting oil and natural gas from offshore oil wells and gas wells to overland pipelines, which further
(to transport) the oil to a refinery or the gas to a
processing plant. They (to be) more expensive and
difficult (to build) than overland pipelines. Offshore
construction usually (to employ) a barge on which
Part II 1
PIPELINES 1
UNIT III 1
Task 1. Piping. Pipeline Transport 2
II. Pronunciation practice. 2
III. Read the text. 2
ships instead of barges (to use) to lay the pipe. The
most notable offshore oil pipeline (to be) one linking the
British North Sea oil fields to the Shetland Islands.
Fill in the gaps with: to transport, be transported, transported.
Pipelines for transporting other fluids
Pipelines have been built many other fluids
(liquids and gases). For instance, liquid fertilizers are often
long distances via pipelines. The mixture of oil
and natural gas coming out of a well must as
two-phase flow by pipelines to processing facilities before the oil can be separated from the gas. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) by ships (tankers) also requires shortpipelines to connect the ships to onshore storage tanks. Pipelines as long as 180 miles have been built carbon dioxide to oil fields for injection into reservoirs to enhance oil recovery. Finally, on a smaller scale, most chemical,food, and pharmaceutical plants use pipe various liquids and gases within the plants. When such fluids are corrosive or cannot tolerate impurities, the pipe must be of inert materials.
Check yourself! ■