I had cleaned my room before my friends came to see me. – я убрался

в своей комнате, до того как мои друзья навестили меня.

She will have finished this work by next Friday. – Она закончит эту

работу к следующей пятнице.

Формулы образования времен в данной группе выглядят так:

PRESENT PERFECT (настоящее совершенное время):

HAVE (HAS)+V3 (3 ФОРМА ГЛАГОЛА)

PAST PERFECT (прошедшее совершенное время):

HAD+V3 (3 ФОРМА ГЛАГОЛА)

FUTURE PERFECT (будущее совершенное время):

WILL+HAVE+V3 (3 ФОРМА ГЛАГОЛА)

Построение отрицательных и вопросительных предложений происходит по тем же правилам, что и во временах Simple и Continuous. Нужно запомнить также, что 3 форма глагола образуется, как и вторая, по формуле Infinitive+ed.

3.1. Употребление present perfect

Настоящее совершенное время употребляется:

1. Когда налицо результат действия:

e.g. John has lost his key. – Джон потерял ключ (Теперь он не сможет

открыть дверь).

2. Когда сообщается информация о жизненном опыте говорящего (какие-

либо события, пережитые им):

e.g. I have never been abroad. – Я никогда не бывал за границей.

I have seen this film twice. – я смотрел этот филь дважды.

3. Когда действие произошло в период, который еще не закончился к

моменту речи:

e.g. Mary has come from London today. – Мэри приехала из Лондона

сегодня.

There have been a few rainy days this week. – На этой неделе было

несколько дождливых дней.

Как правило, PRESENT PERFECT употребляется со следующими указателями: today (сегодня), this morning (этим утром), this week (на этой неделе), this month (в этом месяце), this year (в этом году), just (только что), already (уже), yet (уже, еще), ever (когда-либо), never (никогда), lately (недавно), recently (за последнее время), in the last few days (в последние дни), so far (до сих пор), since (с, с тех пор), for (обозначает продолжительность периода).

Таблица времен в действительном залоге

Tense		Affirmative Form	Interrogative Form	Negative Form
Indefinite	Present	I ask he (she) asks we (you, they) ask	do I ask? does he (she) ask? do we (you, they) ask?	I ask he (she) does not ask we (you, they) do not ask
	Past	I asked he (she) asked we (you, they) asked	did I ask? did he (she) ask? did we (you, they) ask?	I did not ask he (she) did not ask we (you, they) did not ask
	Future	I shall ask he (she) will ask we shall ask you (they) will ask	shall I ask? will he (she) ask? shall we ask? will you (they) ask?	I shall not ask he (she) will not ask we shall not ask you (they) will not ask
Continuous	Present	I am asking he (she) is asking we (you, they) are asking	am I asking? is he (she) asking? are we (you, they) asking?	I am not asking he (she) is not asking we (you, they) are not asking
	Past	I was asking he (she) was asking we (you, they) were asking	was I asking? was he (she) asking? were we (you, they) asking?	I was not asking he (she) was not asking we (you, they) were not asking
	Future	I shall be asking he (she) will be asking we shall be asking you (they) will be asking	shall I be asking? will he (she) be asking? shall we be asking? will you (they) be asking?	I shall not be asking he (she) will not be asking we shall not be asking you (they) will not be asking
Perfect	Present	I have asked he (she) has asked we (you, they) have asked	have I asked? has he (she) asked? have we (you, they) asked?	I have not asked he (she) has not asked we (you, they) have not asked
	Past	I had asked he (she) had asked we (you, they) had asked	had I asked? had he (she) asked? had we (you, they) asked?	I had not asked he (she) had not asked we (you, they) had not asked
	Future	I shall have asked he (she) will have asked we shall have asked you (they) will have asked	shall I have asked? will he (she) have asked? shall we have asked? will you (they) have asked?	I shall not have asked he (she) will not have asked we shall not have asked you (they) will have asked